Literature Review
janecledr
Literature_Review.Digital_Preservation_of_Evidence_13997365-notes-export.pdf
Running Head: DIGITAL PRESERVATION OF EVIDENCE
Digital Preservation of Evidence
Janelle Dean
CRJ697: Capstone: Evaluation & Program Analysis
Professor: Arthur Hayden
May 29th, 2018
- 1 -
1
2
3
1. h [Arthur Hayden]
2. DIGITAL PRESERVATION
OF EVIDENCE
This title should be a shorter
version of your working title.
[Arthur Hayden]
3. Digital Preservation of
Evidence
This is the working title.
[Arthur Hayden]
Digital Preservation of Evidence 2
There are a number of important aspects that are evident and relevant in this case, to start
with it is important to note that the aspect of wrong conviction has been in existence over the
years. It is clear that the preservation of evidence can help solve many cases, mostly those
affecting innocent individuals who get sentenced for crimes that they did not commit. It is
evident that wrong conviction in the USA has led to man people being faced with criminal
charges that they were not responsible and thus leading to the aspect of being convicted in the
wrong way (Quick, & Choo, 2018).. Due to this factor there has been the need to come up with
effective measures that would help ensure that cases of wrongful convictions are dealt with in the
best way possible (Dilijonaite,et al,2018).
In current times there have been measures put in place in order to ensure that the instances of
wrongful convictions are dealt with in the best way possible (Quick, & Choo,2014).
Current Aspect of Wrongful Convictions
Wrongful convictions have been on the rise, this is mainly because most of these
technologies are not utilized in the best way possible needed to solve crimes. Additionally, the
development of DNA exonerations has also led to wrongful convictions. This is an indicator that
the criminal justice system is in ruins. This fact shows that the criminal justice system should be
evaluated in order to ensure that its goals and objectives are in line with the needed reforms and
also are able to serve justice to people (Sunde,et al 2017).
It is clear that the modern day crimes have evolved and most of them are occurring
through the use of computers. This aspect has led to the development of digital evidence needed
to deal with such cases. It is evident that digital evidence is stored in binary from, in this aspect
the binary aspect can be defined as a language that the computers are able to understand. This
- 2 -
1
23
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1. Digital Preservation of
Evidence
ALL CAPS and see previous
comment [Arthur Hayden]
2. case, to
case. To [Arthur Hayden]
3. relevant in this case,
What case? [Arthur Hayden]
4. wrong
wrongful [Arthur Hayden]
5. man
many [Arthur Hayden]
6. and thus
and, thus, [Arthur Hayden]
7. punctuation [Arthur
Hayden]
8. et al., [Arthur Hayden]
9. omit ref date after initial
citation within the same
paragraph [Arthur Hayden]
10. and [Arthur Hayden]
11. is in ruins.
Ruins? [Arthur Hayden]
12. are
is [Arthur Hayden]
13. and [Arthur Hayden]
Digital Preservation of Evidence 3
type of evidence is stored in hard drives and can be presented in court when needed. It is evident
that the evolution of digital evidence has helped deal with electronic crimes that have been on the
rise in recent times. Law enforcement agencies have been able to utilize this aspect and this has
helped in the analysis of digital evidence needed to solve electronic crimes. In this instance it is
clear that information management systems have to uphold the aspect of data preservation in
order to ensure that such important data can be retrieved for future references. Digital
preservation includes the aspect of safeguarding data with the aim of ensuring that such data is
preserved and is not lost. Therefore the preservation of digital data allows people and the law
enforcement agencies to access data and thus helping in the preservation of accurate records.
However, in order to retrieve such data the law enforcement agencies should have the knowledge
of data mining (Zhao, 2017).
In this case it is clear that digital evidence can be used to solve most of the modern day
crimes, this shows that the use of digital evidence is more convenient when compared to the use
of other forms of evidence. Moreover, the use of digital evidence can help deal with the various
problems associated by the use of DNA based evidence and also other forms of evidences that
for a long period of time have had issues (EOGHAN. CASEY, 2017).
Progress Made to Deal with Wrongful Convictions
In order to help deal with issues associated with wrongful convictions there are several
projects that have been developed. An example of such a program is ‘The innocence project’;
this project was established in the year 1992. This program works with law enforcement
agencies, laboratories, defense lawyers and prosecutors with the aim of trying to litigate trials.
This projects main aim is to ensure that justice is served in the best way possible and that the
aspect of wrongful convictions (Kerr, 2005). Moreover, for such programs and projects to work
- 3 -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1. in
on [Arthur Hayden]
2. , [Arthur Hayden]
3. is
are
(data are plural) [Arthur
Hayden]
4. , [Arthur Hayden]
5. it is clear
Says who? [Arthur Hayden]
6. and [Arthur Hayden]
7. (EOGHAN. CASEY,
Check APA for proper format.
[Arthur Hayden]
8. , [Arthur Hayden]
9. the year
omit [Arthur Hayden]
10. and that the
aspect of wrongful
convictions
fragment/unclear [Arthur
Hayden]
Digital Preservation of Evidence 4
well there is the need to ensure that the different law enforcement agencies and also other
concerned bodies work in a common ground. Therefore, such projects need to work in a well
synchronized and coordinated manner. Therefore, the effectiveness of such projects requires a
legal framework that is similar. Lack of a clear framework has affected the functionality of such
programs and thus compromising the development of such projects (Casey, 2011).
It is evident that wrongful convictions have had a negative impact on the justice system.
However, the aspect of digital evidence helps to deal with the problems associated with wrongful
convictions. Additionally, the development of forensic mechanisms has helped deal with the
problems associated with wrongful convictions. Therefore digital evidence has helped deal with
issues of wrongful convictions. For a digital data to be considered as accurate evidence there is
need to ensure a high level of integrity, especially during preservation. Additionally, the
development of a legal framework will ensure that digital evidence works in harmony with the
other forms of evidence in order to ensure that the aspect of innocence is preserved and that
people are not convicted wrongly (Turner, 2005).
- 4 -
1
23
4
5
6
1. - [Arthur Hayden]
2. compromising
compromises [Arthur
Hayden]
3. and thus
and, thus, [Arthur Hayden]
4. , [Arthur Hayden]
5. a
omit [Arthur Hayden]
6. What about?
Explain the impact of political
and ethical issues associated
with the program evaluation.
Identify the impacts and
issues that will be readily
identifiable and those that
could be inadvertent, affecting
stakeholders after the
completion of the proposed
evaluation [Arthur Hayden]
Digital Preservation of Evidence 5
References
Casey, E. (2002). Error, uncertainty, and loss in digital evidence. International Journal of
Digital Evidence, 1(2), 1-45.
Casey, E. (2011). Digital evidence and computer crime: Forensic science, computers, and the
internet. Academic press.
Casey, E., Blitz, A., & Steuart, C. (2004). Digital evidence and computer crime. Academic press,
94.
Choo, K. K., & Dehghantanha, A. (2017). Contemporary Digital Forensics Investigations of
Cloud and Mobile Applications. In Contemporary Digital Forensic Investigations of
Cloud and Mobile Applications (pp. 1-6).
Dilijonaite, A., Flaglien, A., Sunde, I. M., Hamm, J., Sandvik, J. P., Bjelland, P., ... & Axelsson,
S. (2017). Digital Forensic Readiness. Digital Forensics, 117-145.
EOGHAN. CASEY. (2017). DIGITAL EVIDENCE AND COMPUTER CRIME. ELSEVIER
ACADEMIC PRESS.
Grimm, P. W., Capra, D. J., & Joseph, G. P. (2017). Authenticating Digital Evidence. Baylor L.
Rev., 69, 1.
Jones, A., & Alanazi, F. (2017). A Method to Enhance the Accuracy of Digital Forensic in the
Absence of Sufficient Evidence in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Social,
Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering.
Kerr, O. S. (2005). Digital evidence and the new criminal procedure. Colum. L. Rev., 105, 279.
- 5 -
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1. P [Arthur Hayden]
2. Include publisher location.
[Arthur Hayden]
3. 94.
Do not include page numbers
for books. [Arthur Hayden]
4. Digital Forensics
Investigations of
Cloud and Mobile
Applications.
Check APA for rules on use
of lowercase. [Arthur
Hayden]
5. ? Cite all authors. [Arthur
Hayden]
6. Digital Forensic
Readiness.
see previous comments
[Arthur Hayden]
7. CASEY. (2017). DIGITAL
EVIDENCE AND
COMPUTER CRIME.
ELSEVIER
ACADEMIC PRESS.
see previous [Arthur
Hayden]
8. Only include sources
actually cited in your paper.
[Arthur Hayden]
9. 1.
include all page numbers for
the article [Arthur Hayden]
Digital Preservation of Evidence 6
Liu, Z. J. (2017). A Cyber Crime Investigation Model Based on Case
Characteristics. International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics (IJDCF), 9(4), 40-
47.
Lupariello, F., Curti, S., Duval, J. B., Abbattista, G., & Di Vella, G. (2018). Staged crime scene
determination by handling physical and digital evidence: Reports and review of the
literature. Forensic science international, 288, 236-241.
Quick, D., & Choo, K. K. R. (2014). Data reduction and data mining framework for digital
forensic evidence: storage, intelligence, review and archive.
Quick, D., & Choo, K. K. R. (2018). Digital forensic intelligence: Data subsets and Open Source
Intelligence (DFINT+ OSINT): A timely and cohesive mix. Future Generation
Computer Systems, 78, 558-567.
Sunde, I. M., Flaglien, A., Dilijonaite, A., Hamm, J., Sandvik, J. P., Bjelland, P., ... & Axelsson,
S. (2017). Cybercrime Law. Digital Forensics, 51-116.
Turner, P. (2005). Unification of digital evidence from disparate sources (digital evidence
bags). Digital Investigation, 2(3), 223-228.
Zhao, B. (2017). 10. Study and Realization of Digital Forensics Key Technology Based on Cloud
Computing. Revista de la Facultad de Ingeniería, 32(14).
- 6 -
1
2
1. Cyber Crime
Investigation Model Based
on Case
Characteristics.
lowercase [Arthur Hayden]
2. science international,
caps [Arthur Hayden]
