only for phd lsaac

Scholarly articles

1. Acker, Joan. "Inequality Regimes: Gender, Class, and Race in Organizations." SAGE Journals (2006): 441-464. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0891243206289499.

The main attempt that the author of this article has made is in reference to highlight the three central concepts that can be reasoned to create inequalities in workplaces i.e. class, gender and racial differences. Thesis: These ‘inequality regimes’ as the writer points out, are consistent for all/majority of the organizations.

2. Arrow, Kenneth. "The Theory of Discrimination ." Industrial Relations Section Princeton University (1971): 1-37. http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ321/Orazem/arrow_discrimination.pdf.

This Princeton published article talks about the concept of discrimination amongst the workforce in workplaces. Thesis: The writer argues that discrimination is a larger entity that encompasses issues that create differences amongst the workforce, be it gender inequality, differences in wages and productivity.

3. Winter-Ebmer, Doris Weichselbaumer & Rudolf. "A Meta-Analysis of the International Gender Wage Gap ." Journal of Economic Surveys (2005): 479-511. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0950-0804.2005.00256.x.

The article talks about how gender-wage gap has become a topic of interest since the last 3 decades. Thesis: The aim of this study was to analyze whether the wage gap between different genders resulted from the differences in their productivity. For this purpose numerical analysis was conducted with data from various corporations. The indicators for the meta-data analysis collected samples from multilingual nations so as to create a well diversified sample. The few factors that were analyzed to play a central role in defining the range of pays included; the marital status of the workers, experience of the employee. It was potentially concluded that there is no generalized factor that can be assessed to have an impact universally. However, the data shows evidence to the fact that gender wage gaps have reduced globally.

4. Morgan, Trond Petersen & Laurie A. "Separate and Unequal: Occupation-Establishment Sex Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap." American Journal of Sociology (1995). https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/230727.

Thesis: Why there exists a wage gap in the worker’s pays because of gender, a sample of 10 administrative corporate companies was taken from between the periods of mid 70’s- 80’s. It should be noted that these employees belonged to the clerical and corporate sectoral job positions. The major reason identified was that employees were paid not based on their gender gaps, but their individual characteristics and qualities.

5. Kahn, Francine D. Blau & Lawrence M. "The Gender Pay Gap." Academy of Management Perspectives (2007 ). https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/AMP.2007.24286161.

The authors of the paper have laid concentration on the economy and trends of US business and working sectors. Thesis: The first half of the century was a period of turmoil with little improvements in terms of the working employees. While the last quarter of the century marked as periods where higher population of females had joined the working sectors and were fighting for equal pay rights.

Other sources

6. (Elsesser)

Summary: The Forbes article talks about the existence of gender wage gap in the 2018 as well. The writer reveals that majority of the women are still paid 80% of their male fellow workers simply because it is generally believed that wage gaps have been reduced. Critique: Therefore it seems unrationale to argue for something that has reached 80 percent.

7. (Vagianos)

Summary: The central argument that is defined in the paper is that the workers are paid different wages not because of the levels of their productivity, but because the differences in their genders. Critique: In pursuits to race, ethnicities, cultural and other social denominators, wage differences because of gender discrimination is one of the most controversial subjects that still exists in the corporate sectors.

8. (LAM)

Summary: One of the newer strategies that the writer suggests is for women to join sectors that are the most highly paying. By being competent women may be able to, Critique: argue better on logical terms and biases.

9. (FILIPOVIC)

Summary: However, the writer of this article recommends harsher strategies for women to adopt. When negotiating pay rise and wage increases women should mention issues of discrimination more seriously and should use these issues to report cases. Critique: This way females can argue on the stance that they deserve better standards of pay raise and equality in workplaces.

10. (Dixon)

Critique: The most important strategy that this article offers is in hiring more females for top management posts. Summary: These females will not only be able to compete for their own pay rights but they will be able to work towards ensuring that females from lower posts also get their rights.

Works Cited Acker, Joan. "Inequality Regimes: Gender, Class, and Race in Organizations." SAGE Journals (2006): 441-464. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0891243206289499. Arrow, Kenneth. "The Theory of Discrimination ." Industrial Relations Section Princeton University (1971): 1-37. http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ321/Orazem/arrow_discrimination.pdf. Dixon, Lauren. 5 Ways to Fix the Gender Pay Gap. 8 3 2017. https://www.clomedia.com/2017/03/08/ways-fix-gender-pay-gap/. 13 2 2019. Elsesser, Kim. Unequal Pay, Unconscious Bias, And What To Do About It. 10 4 2018 . https://www.forbes.com/sites/kimelsesser/2018/04/10/unequal-pay-unconscious-bias-and-what-to-do-about-it/#28bbcdf3600e. 13 2 2019. FILIPOVIC, JILL. Everything That Needs to Change for Women to Finally Get Equal Pay. 10 4 2018. https://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/a19725492/ways-to-fix-the-wage-gap/. 13 2 2019. Kahn, Francine D. Blau & Lawrence M. "The Gender Pay Gap." Academy of Management Perspectives (2007 ). https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/AMP.2007.24286161. LAM, BOURREE. How Do We Close the Wage Gap in the U.S.? 8 3 2016. https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/03/equal-pay/472407/. 13 2 2019. Morgan, Trond Petersen & Laurie A. "Separate and Unequal: Occupation-Establishment Sex Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap." American Journal of Sociology (1995). https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/230727. Vagianos, Alanna. 10 Things We Need To Do To Close The Wage Gap. 14 4 2015. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/14/things-we-need-to-do-to-close-wage-gap_n_7056322.html. 13 2 2019. Winter-Ebmer, Doris Weichselbaumer & Rudolf. "A Meta-Analysis of the International Gender Wage Gap ." Journal of Economic Surveys (2005): 479-511. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0950-0804.2005.00256.x.