concept of fitness

liguori4_ppt_ch013.pptx

Home >Education homework help >concept of fitness

Questions and Answers A Guide to Fitness and Wellness 4th Edition

Gary Liguori │ Sandra Carroll-Cobb

©McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Health, Wellness, and Fitness

©McGraw-Hill Education.

COMING UP IN THIS CHAPTER

Define health, wellness, and fitness

Examine the dimensions of wellness

Survey the major health challenges affecting Americans, as well as their underlying causes and risk factors

Identify key healthy-lifestyle behaviors

Assess your personal wellness status

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Evolving Definitions of Health, 1

Question: I haven’t been sick in over a year. Can I rate myself as healthy?

There are no universally accepted definitions

Health comes from the Old English word hoelth

“A state of being sound and whole”

WHO definition: emphasizes idea that health is more than just the absence of disease

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Evolving Definitions of Health, 2

Health: a condition with multiple dimensions that falls on a continuum from negative to positive

Negative: illness and premature death

Positive: capacity to enjoy life and withstand life’s challenges

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

FIGURE 1-1 THE HEALTH CONTINUUM

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Actively Working Toward Wellness

Question: Are health and wellness the same?

Wellness: more personalized concept than health

Key characteristics of wellness:

Clearly defined dimensions

Active process

Individual responsibility and choice are critical components

Reflects the status of one’s perceptions of one’s own health and well-being

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Discovering Dimensions of Wellness, 1

Question: Can you be physically unfit but still be happy and social at the same time?

©AP Images/Eugene Hoshiko

Six dimensions in our wellness:

Physical

Emotional

Intellectual

Social

Spiritual

Environmental

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Discovering Dimensions of Wellness, 2

PHYSICAL WELLNESS

The complete physical condition and functioning of the body

Both the visible aspects, such as how fit one looks, and those that are not, such as blood pressure and bone density

Reflected in your ability to accomplish your daily activities and to care for yourself

Regular physical activity and healthy eating are the foundation behaviors of physical wellness, but they are just a beginning

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Discovering Dimensions of Wellness, 3

Ask yourself these questions:

Do I get enough sleep?

Do I use alcohol and drugs responsibly?

Do I make intentional and responsible sexual choices?

Do I use sunscreen?

Do I practice safe driving?

Do I manage injuries and illnesses appropriately, practice self-care, and seek medical assistance when necessary?

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Discovering Dimensions of Wellness, 4

Physical fitness: the ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to enjoy leisure-time pursuits and respond to emergencies

Closely relates to wellness and quality of life, but also has measurable components

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Discovering Dimensions of Wellness, 5

For physical wellness, one should strive for a fitness level that meets one’s goals for daily functioning and recreational pursuits

Physical fitness usually requires exercise: planned, structured, repetitive body movements

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

FIGURE 1-2 THE RISK OF DYING PREMATURELY DECLINES AS PEOPLE BECOME PHYSICALLY ACTIVE

©mikkelwilliam/iStock/Getty Images RF

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Discovering Dimensions of Wellness, 6

EMOTIONAL WELLNESS

Your ability to manage and express emotions in constructive and appropriate ways

Being aware of your thoughts and feelings

Monitoring your reactions

Recognizing strengths and limitations

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Discovering Dimensions of Wellness, 7

Qualities associated with emotional wellness:

Optimism

Enthusiasm

Trust

Self-confidence

Self-acceptance

Resiliency

Self-esteem

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Discovering Dimensions of Wellness, 8

INTELLECTUAL WELLNESS

Your ability to think logically and solve problems in order to meet life’s challenges successfully

An active and engaged mind

People who enjoy a high level of intellectual wellness are creative, open to new ideas, and motivated to learn new information and new skills

Actively seek ways to challenge their minds and pursue intellectual growth

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Discovering Dimensions of Wellness, 9

SOCIAL WELLNESS

Your ability to develop and maintain positive, healthy, satisfying interpersonal relationships and appropriate support networks

Family

Friends

Community

©PeopleImages/DigitalVision/Getty Images RF

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Discovering Dimensions of Wellness, 10

SPIRITUAL WELLNESS

Having a set of guiding beliefs, principles, or values that provide meaning and direction in life

Compassion, forgiveness, altruism, tolerance, and capacity for love

Spirituality expressed in many different ways: organized religion, meditation, arts, volunteerism

Sometimes considered a controversial part of wellness models, but essential to overall well-being

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Discovering Dimensions of Wellness, 11

ENVIRONMENTAL WELLNESS

Your wellness and the condition and livability of your surroundings are interdependent

Your own wellness depends on your surroundings

The environment can support your wellness or detract from it

©Brand X Pictures/PunchStock/Getty Images RF

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Discovering Dimensions of Wellness, 12

OTHER WELLNESS DIMENSIONS

Financial wellness

Appropriate management of financial resources, a task that typically requires self-discipline and critical thinking skills

Occupational wellness

Satisfaction, fulfillment, and enrichment obtained through work

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Integrating the Dimensions: Recognizing the Connections and Striving for Balance

Question: If you change your behavior for fitness, will that help other areas of your life too?

To improve wellness, you must integrate all the dimensions of wellness with the personal choices that affect your health and well-being

Don’t focus on a few dimensions and neglect the others

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

FIGURE 1-3 WELLNESS INTEGRATOR

©VGstockstudio/Shutterstock.com RF

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Measures of Health and Wellness, 1

Question: By what standards is health measured?

There is no single best measure of health

How long do people live?

How well do they live?

What do they die from?

What are the rates of specific diseases and injuries?

How much money is spent on health care?

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Measures of Health and Wellness, 2

Question: What are the chances of living to 100?

Life expectancy: the average number of years people born in a given year are expected to live

It depends on your age, location, and current health status

Life expectancy has increased dramatically

U.S. ranked 42nd overall in life expectancy

Why do people live longer than they used to?

Vaccinations, hygiene, less tobacco use, vehicle safety

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Measures of Health and Wellness, 3

Question: Why do women usually live longer than men?

In the developed world, women live 5 to 10 years longer

Behavioral and biological factors:

Men practice more risky behaviors

Higher accidents, assaults, and suicide rates in men

Women develop heart disease later in life

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Measures of Health and Wellness, 4

Question: Do you have to be super healthy to live longer?

QUALITY OF LIFE

Superior health helps, but it does not guarantee longevity—that is, a long life

The goal is not only more years but more healthy years

Years of healthy life

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

FIGURE 1-4 QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG AMERICANS: UNHEALTHY DAYS DURING A 30-DAY PERIOD

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

The National Healthy People Initiative

Question: Has there been any substantial improvement in physical health in the past few years in the United States, or are we all just getting less and less healthy?

Healthy People 2020

Four overarching goals:

Attain high-quality, longer lives

Achieve health equity

Create healthy social and physical environments

Promote quality of life and healthy development and behaviors across all life stages

‹#›

©McGraw-Hill Education.

Leading Causes of Death, 1

Question: How does the United States compare to other countries in terms of diseases?

In developing nations, people die from diseases and conditions related to lack of necessities and public health measures

In the United States, the primary causes of death are linked to lifestyles

Most deaths in developed countries are due to noncommunicable disease (not caused by pathogens, and not contagious)

‹#›

FIGURE 1-5 CAUSES OF DEATH IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING REGIONS OF THE WORLD

‹#›

Leading Causes of Death, 2

Question: It seems as if everyone has some kind of cancer. Is cancer now the leading cause of death for Americans?

Cancer is the leading cause of death for many age groups, but heart disease is still the number-one killer of Americans

‹#›

Leading Causes of Death, 3

Question: What is the leading cause of death for young adults like most college students?

The top causes of death in this age group are accidents, assault (homicide), and suicide

‹#›

TABLE 1-1 LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH IN THE UNITED STATES, ALL AGES

RANK	CAUSE	NUMBER OF DEATHS	PERCENTAGE OF ALL DEATHS
1	Heart disease	614,348	23.4%
2	Cancer	591,699	22.5%
3	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	147,101	5.6%
4	Accidents (unintentional injuries)	136,053	5.2%
5	Stroke	133,103	5.1%
6	Alzheimer’s disease	93,541	3.6%
7	Diabetes	76,488	2.9%
8	Influenza and pneumonia	55,227	2.1%
9	Kidney disease	48,146	1.8%
10	Suicide	42,773	1.6%

‹#›

FIGURE 1-6 LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

‹#›

Leading Causes of Death, 4

Question: What can be done to decrease the leading causes of death?

We must understand risk factors--factors that increase your susceptibility for the development, onset, or progression of a disease or injury

Some can be changed (smoking); others can’t (age)

‹#›

Leading Causes of Death, 5

Question: How many people die from obesity?

Obesity is an important underlying cause of many chronic diseases

Ranked near the top of actual causes of death in the United States

‹#›

TABLE 1-2 ACTUAL CAUSES OF DEATH AMONG AMERICANS

CAUSE	NUMBER OF DEATHS PER YEAR	PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL DEATHS PER YEAR
Tobacco	440,000	18.1%
Obesity (poor diet and inactivity)	112,000	4.6%
Alcohol consumption	85,000	3.5%
Microbial agents	75,000	3.1%
Toxic agents	55,000	2.3%
Motor vehicles	43,000	1.8%
Firearms	29,000	1.2%
Sexual behavior	20,000	0.8%
Illicit drug use	17,000	0.7%

‹#›

Health and Wellness On Campus

Question: What are the main health and wellness concerns of college students?

Back pain and allergies top the list among college students

Most health problems for college students aren’t of the chronic variety

There is much room for improvement, in multiple wellness dimensions

‹#›

FIGURE 1-7 MOST COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS REPORTED BY COLLEGE STUDENTS

‹#›

TABLE 1-3 ACADEMIC IMPACT OF SELECTED HEALTH PROBLEMS

	PERCENTAGE OF STUDENTS REPORTING AN ACADEMIC IMPACT
Stress	31.8%
Anxiety	23.2%
Sleep difficulties	20.7%
Depression	15.4%
Cold/flu/sore throat	14.5%
Concern for a troubled friend or family member	11.0%
Relationship difficulties	9.4%
Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)	5.1%
Sinus infection/ear infection/bronchitis/strep throat	4.7%
Alcohol use	3.5%

*Academic impacts include a lower grade on an exam or important project; a lower grade in a course; an incomplete or dropping a course; or a significant disruption in thesis, dissertation, research, or practicum work.

‹#›

Behavior Choices That Influence Wellness, 1

Question: What basic things should I do every day or every week for a healthy lifestyle?

Be physically active

Choose a healthy diet

Maintain a healthy weight

Avoid tobacco in all forms

Manage stress and get adequate sleep

Limit alcohol consumption

Avoid risky behaviors

‹#›

Behavior Choices That Influence Wellness, 2

Limit exposure to radiation and toxins

Practice good self-care

Seek appropriate medical care

Apply critical thinking skills as a health consumer

Cultivate relationships and social support

Nourish your spiritual side

Have fun!

‹#›

FIGURE 1-8 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE HEALTH AND WELLNESS STATUS

‹#›

Other Factors That Influence Wellness

Question: Is my health mostly dependent on my genes and family history?

Genes are just one factor in disease risk and overall health status

Biology

Social and economic factors

Public policies and interventions

‹#›

Wellness: What Do You Want for Yourself—Now and in the Future?

Question: What does it feel like to be well?

Energy, vitality, curiosity, empowerment, enjoyment—a high quality of life

How do you rate your own levels of health and wellness today?

‹#›