Summary of presentations and few points on what i learnt
Akanksha@1212
lifestyleenzymes1.pptxEnzymes
By,
Naga Kalapala
1882594
INTRODUCTION
Enzyme is a catalyst that speeds up bio-chemical reactions in the body
Enhances the reaction rate by binding to molecules
Essential for respiration, digestion of food, muscle and nerve functions etc.
History
Enzyme the word first used by German physiologist Wilhelm Kuhnem in 1878
Derived from Greek word en-within, zume-yeast.
Enzymes
Enzymes are required in very low concentrations
They speed up the reactions without themselves being consumed in the rection.
Enzymes are potential catalysts
Enzymes are specific catalysts
Classification and names
| Reaction Type | Enzyme class |
| Hydrolysis | Hydrolases |
| Oxidation/reduction | Oxidoreductases |
| Atom/group transfer | Transferases |
| Group removal | Lyases |
| Isomerization | Isomerases |
How do enzymes work?
Uses of enzymes
Ubiquitous – enzymes are essential components of plants, animals, microorganisms and humans.
Economically advantageous
Technical advantages
Purification
Textile processing
Enzyme immobilization
It fixes the enzyme so that it can be reused further
This has significant impact on production costs
Ex: Immobilization of microbial cells
Enzymes in therapeutics
John Beard an English scientist first uses pancreatic enzymes to treat cancer in the year 1902
Enzyme supplements are available in the form of pills, capsules, powders.
Sometimes enzymes are available in combinations.
Specific therapeutic uses:
Oncolytic
Thrombolytics
Anti coagulants
Replacements for metabolic deficiencies
Anti inflammatory
General therapeutic applications
Cancer
Cardiac disease
Inflammation and edema
Digestive disorders
Cystic fibrosis
Dermal ulcers and burns
Post dental surgery
Chronic bronchitis
Post operative trauma and athletic injuries – trypsin and anti-trypsin
Anti-bacterial
Enzyme as antibiotic
Enzyme lysozyme hydrolyses the chitins and mucopeptides in the bacterial cell walls
So, used as an anti bacterial agent and also in combination with specific standard antibiotics
Production
Different methods of fermentation
Immobilization
RDNA technology
Sources
Animal enzymes
trypsin, chymotrypsin - pancreas
catalase – Liver
Lipase – Pancreas
Plant enzymes
Actinidin – kiwi fruit
Lipoxygenase – Soybeans
Bromelain – Pineapple latex
Bacterial enzymes
a-Amylase – Bacillus
Asparaginase – E coli
Fungal enzymes
Cellulase – Trichoderma
Protease – Aspergillus
Yeast enzymes
Invertase – Saccharomyces
Lipase - Candida
Foods that contain digestive enzymes
Pineapple
Rich in digestive enzymes
Contains bromelain
Breaks amin acids in to blocks and improves digestion
Papaya
Contains different group of protease called as papain
Used to treat IBS, bloating and constipation
Garlic
Contains sulfur compound allicin
Acts as an antioxidant
Anti microbial agent
Apricots
Contains a treasure trove of enzymes – invertase
Facilitates quick energy absorption
Conclusion
Enzymes play an important role in chemical reactions that are essential for body functioning. They are not only produced in the living bodies like plants, human, animals naturally but also synthesized (in vitro) outside by some pharmaceutical and food industries. Enzymes are also used to treat so many diseases like cancer and cystic fibrosis etc. Thus taking enzymes containing good foods and other over the counter enzymes like glisodin, pancreatin helps to improve health.
References
Palmer, T., & Bonner, P. L. (2011). Biotechnological Applications of Enzymes. Enzymes, 356–376. doi: 10.1533/9780857099921.3.356
Industrial Enzymes. (n.d.). Enzymes in Industry, 99–262. doi: 10.1002/9783527617098.ch5
Jonke, A., & Michal, G. (n.d.). Catalytic Activity of Enzymes. Enzymes in Industry, 13–35. doi: 10.1002/3527602135.ch2
