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LifespanDevOnlineMiddleChildhoodSocialDevelopmentFall2022.ppt
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Middle Childhood:
Social Development (chapter 7)

Reminder: Follow your Lesson 4 directions. 

© 2022 Angela G. Bagne. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

© 2022 Angela G. Bagne. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Parenting Styles

  • Authoritarian parenting combines high control with little warmth
  • hard work, respect, obedience
  • Do not explain decisions

  • Children have lower self-esteem and are less skilled socially, but are often hard working and academically successful

Parenting Styles

  • Authoritative parenting combines more control with warmth and responsiveness
  • explain rules, have respectful discussions, and encourage decisions

  • Children more responsible, self-reliant, friendly, more successful in academics and relationships

Parenting Styles

  • Indulgent-permissive parenting provides warmth with little control
  • Rules are not provided for the child; little punishment and accept any behavior

  • Children often impulsive and easily frustrated

Parenting Styles

  • Indifferent-uninvolved parenting involves little warmth or control
  • not involved except to provide for basic needs
  • minimize time

  • Children often low self-esteem, aggressive, impulsive, moody

Parental Behavior

  • Direct instruction: tell children what to do, when and why
  • Learn cause-effect
  • Learn appropriate behavior for the culture
  • Develop altruism
  • Learning by observation is key
  • Counterimitation or learning what should not be done

Reinforcement and Punishment

  • Reinforcing the right behaviors?

  • Punishment to reduce behavior
  • Immediate
  • Consistent
  • Informative (providing an explanation and a way to avoid it in the future)
  • Given by person with warm and affectionate relationship with child

Punishment: Good and Bad

  • NEVER physical punishment… aggression leads to aggression (disputes with peers…)

  • Time-out: child sits alone in a boring location
  • brief, effective, informative
  • Number of minutes in time-out = age of child (so, a 2 year-old has about a 2 minute time out)
  • Explanation for time out is given at beginning of time-out and at end; explanation tells what and why of what the child did wrong– and what SHOULD be done

Reinforcement (to increase behavior)

  • Reinforcing good behavior to prevent bad behavior is preferred over punishment
  • effectively teaches HOW to act
  • Praising children when they are doing something right encourages good behavior and lessens the likelihood for bad behavior 

Parenting

  • Children’s characteristics affect parenting!
  • Age
  • Temperament and behavior
  • E.g., My oldest daughter has never had to be told not to pee on the wall– and would never consider such an act as that would be quite imperfect; I periodically would have little talks with my son when he was a preschooler as to what he is doing a great job with– and I would include reminders as to appropriate things to do and not do. Was this further direction needed with him? YES. For example, when my son was 3, he decided to pee on the living room wall his grandparents’ house– and then laughed so hard he was barely understandable as he ran away pretending his private part was a hose yelling “I’m the pee-pee man!!! I’m the pee-pee man!!!” Needless to say my shocked mother’s face and laughing only served to his great reward! Some children need much more guidance than others based on their inborn temperaments and personalities. 

Love and Marriage

Chronic parental conflict harmful to kids:

  • Jeopardizes feelings of a stability
  • Parent-child relationship impacts
  • Too busy thinking, feeling, acting for high quality parenting

Siblings

Toddlers talk more to mom than siblings

  • By 4: talk more to older siblings than to mom!
  • Dads interact more with older children

  • The birth of another child is stressful and may result in withdrawal or regression

Birth Order
- also male/female, timing

  • 1st born kids:
  • Parents enthusiastic but inexperienced; demanding and high expectations

  • Higher IQ scores
  • More conforming
  • More likely to go to college

Impact of Birth Order (Cont)

  • Later-Born Kids:
  • less concerned about pleasing parents
  • better social skills… more popular with peers
  • more innovative/creative
  • Only Children:
  • not spoiled or egotistical, but may lack the opportunity to learn social skills
  • succeed in school, higher levels of IQ
  • leaders, independent, mature

What parents abuse their children?

  • culture: acceptance, spanking higher rates
  • poverty: stress, can be less parenting skills
  • social isolation
  • more likely to abuse infants, preschoolers, and frequently ill children
  • learned behavior

Who Are Friends?

  • tend to be SIMILAR
  • Gender
  • Age
  • Race/ethnicity
  • Interests, attitudes, recreational pursuits

  • Those with both girl and boy friends
  • tend to be more popular, well- adjusted, academically successful, have higher self-esteem

Aggressive Children

  • Aggressiveness is typically stable over time

10% of elementary-age and adolescents are chronic victims of aggression, and this is evident in person AND in social media

  • often lonely, anxious, depressed, dislike school
  • may be aggressive themselves or withdrawn and submissive

Influence on Attitudes and Social Behavior

  • Frequent view TV violence = increases aggressive behavior

Real life  TV/internet  cartoons/video games