International relations essay in 6 hrs [urgent] 1300 words
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Liberalisminroduction.pptMAIN THEORETICAL APPROACHES
REALISM
LIBERALISM
CONSTRUCTIVISM
Liberal approaches to international politics
- Introduction: classical liberalism
- Three strands of liberal thinking
- Interdependence and international organizations
- Neoliberalism
- Collective security
- Democratic peace theory
- Concluding remarks
LIBERALISM
Classical Liberalism
Immanuel Kant
Jeremy Bentham
John Stuart Mill
Adam Smith
David Ricardo
LIBERALISM
Key features of classical liberalism (18th and 19th cent.)
- Centrality of individual (political) liberty
- Cooperation as central to all human relations
- The possibilities for human agency to effect change
- A potential overlap of interests of individuals
LIBERALISM
Political liberalism
Kant: A just world order assumes the establishment of republics (as opposed
to monarchies)
LIBERALISM
Economic liberalism
Trade and economic interdependence contribute to peace
Adam Smith: the “invisible hand”
David Ricardo: some countries would always be able to produce certain types of goods more cheaply and efficiently than other
LIBERALISM
Trade and economic interdependence = peace
- The ideas of liberal economic theory
were put to rest by the First World War (1914-1918)
LIBERALISM
Liberal approaches to peace
- Among democracies or among liberal economies are utopian.
- Scholars such as E.H. Carr labeled and denounced such approaches as ‘idealist.’
LIBERALISM
1970s: Changes in international environment
- Rapid advances in technology
- Expansion of transnational economic activity
- Growing interdependence in international relations
LIBERALISM
Sources of threat: (in addition to the military threat)
- nuclear holocaust
- diseases
- drug trafficking
- terrorism
- population explosion and movements
- world hunger
- environmental degradation (atmospheric pollution)
- currency crises
LIBERALISM
Inability of individual states
to provide satisfactory solutions to major
issues and new sources of threat
LIBERALISM
The need for supranational authority to regulate issues
- Money laundering
- Food-borne disease
- Environmental issues
- Global economic inequalities
LIBERALISM
Modern states
- incapable of meeting the complex and diverse needs of their citizens without cooperating with other states
LIBERALISM
Additional Trends
- The spread of democracy
- The development of international law
- Influence of science on public policy making
LIBERALISM
The rise of transnational actors
- The increasing number of NGOs (in 1909 some 200; today over 40,000)
- The emergence of international society rather than the system of states
LIBERALISM
