PICOT question --- 3/8/22

Levels of Evidence Flow Chart

Description

Title: Levels of Evidence Flow Chart

Steps to Randomly Controlled Trial (RCT) Level 2

1. Does the article discuss one study or multiple studies?

2. If the answer is one study then question: Was there a control group and one or more intervention groups?

3. If the answer is yes then question: Were individuals randomly assigned to groups?

4. If the answer is yes then it is a Randomly Controlled Trial (RCT) Level 2.

Steps to Controlled Trial Level 3

1. Does the article discuss one study or multiple studies?

2. If the answer is one study then question: Was there a control group and one or more intervention groups?

3. If the answer is yes then question: Were individuals randomly assigned to groups?

4. If the answer is no then it is a Controlled Trial Level 3.

Steps to Case Control Study Level 4

1. Does the article discuss one study or multiple studies?

2. If the answer is one study then question: Was there a control group and one or more intervention groups?

3. If the answer is no then question: Does the study compare two or more groups over time?

4. If the answer is yes then question: Does the study retrospectively compare two groups using existing data as control?

5. If the answer is yes then it is a Case Control Study Level 4.

Steps to Cohort Study Level 4

1. Does the article discuss one study or multiple studies?

2. If the answer is one study then question: Was there a control group and one or more intervention groups?

3. If the answer is no then question: Does the study compare two or more groups over time?

4. If the answer is yes then question: Does the study retrospectively compare two groups using existing data as control?

5. If the answer is no then question: Does the study compare the outcomes of two groups over time?

6. If the answer is yes then it is a Cohort Study Level 4.

Description continued

Title: Levels of Evidence Flow Chart

Steps to Single Descriptive or Qualitative Study Level 6

1. Does the article discuss one study or multiple studies?

2. If the answer is one study then question: Was there a control group and one or more intervention groups?

3. If the answer is no then question: Does the study compare two or more groups over time?

4. If the answer is no then question: Was the study descriptive or qualitative?

5. If the answer is yes then it is a Single Descriptive or Qualitative Study Level 6.

Steps to Expert Opinion Level 7

1. Does the article discuss one study or multiple studies?

2. If the answer is one study then question: Was there a control group and one or more intervention groups?

3. If the answer is no then question: Does the study compare two or more groups over time?

4. If the answer is no then question: Was the study descriptive or qualitative?

5. If the answer is no then question: Was the article the opinion of an expert?

6. If the answer is yes then in it an Expert Opinion Level 7.

Steps to Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis of RCT’s; Evidence Based Clinical Practice Guidelines Level 1.

1. Does the article discuss one study or multiple studies?

2. If the answer is multiple studies then question: Did the study analyze RCT’s and/or propose clinical practice guidelines?

3. If the answer is yes then it is a Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis of RCT’s; Evidence Based Clinical Practice Guidelines Level 1.

Steps to Systematic Review of Descriptive and/or Qualitative Studies Level 5.

1. Does the article discuss one study or multiple studies?

2. If the answer is multiple studies then question: Did the study analyze RCT’s and/or propose clinical practice guidelines?

3. If the answer is no then it is a Systematic Review of Descriptive and/or Qualitative Studies Level 5.

Lansing Community College Library May 2019

Does the article discuss one study or multiple studies??

One study

Was there a control group and one or more intervention groups?

Multiple studies

Did the study analyze RCT's and/or propose clinical practice guidelines?

Yes

Were individuals randomly assigned to groups?

No

Yes

No

Randomly Controlled Trial (RCT)

Level 2

Controlled Trial

Level 3

Does the study compare two or more groups over time?

Yes

No

Yes

No

Systematic review, meta-analysis of RCT's; Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines

Level 1

Systematic review of descriptive and/or qualitative studies

Level 5

Does the study retrospectively compare two groups using existing data as control?

Yes

Case Control Study

Level 4

No

Does the study compare the outcomes of two groups over time?

Yes

Cohort study

Level 4

Was the study descriptive or qualitative?

Yes

No

A single descriptive or qualitative study

Level 6

Was the article the opinion of an expert?

Yes

Expert opinion

Level 7