Foundations of Social and Behavioral Sciences Theory

Modernism, modernity and modernization Week 3, Lecture 4

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

"Modernism is any attempt by modern men and women to become subjects as well as objects of modernization, to get a grip on the modern."

Berman, p. 5

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Men and women as objects of modernization

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Men and women as objects of modernization

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Men and women as objects of modernization

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Men and women as objects of modernization

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Men and women as subjects of modernization

Liberty leading the people, Eugene Delacroix

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Men and women as subjects of modernization

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Men and women as subjects of modernization

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Men and women as subjects of modernization

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Men and women as subjects of modernization

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Modernization

• "The maelstrom of modern life has been fed from many sources..." p. 16

• Science

• Material Production

• Technology

• Politics

• Finance

• Culture-communication

• Culture-civil society

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Three Phases of Modernization

Phase One: Groping Desperately (early 1500s - late 1700s)

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

European globalization

1492: Columbus 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas 1498: Vasco de Gama rounds the Cape of Good Hope en route to India 1519-1522: Magellan and Elcano circumnavigate the globe 1550: Valladolid Conference

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Communication Technology

1430’s: Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press 1500: Printing presses in 236 cities in 12 European countries

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Culture and Religion

1517: Luther publishes “The Ninety-Five Theses” 1500s-1600s: Secular justifications of government and law emerge (Machiavelli, Thomas More, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke)

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

The Rise of the Sovereign State

1616-1648: The Thirty Years’ War 1648: Treaties of Westphalia: “cuius regio, eius religio”

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Three phases of modernization

• Phase Two: Revolution! (late 1700s - early 1900s)

"A great modern public abruptly and dramatically comes to life."

"An age of explosion and upheaval."

"An inner dichotomy."

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

European globalization

Late 1700s - early 1800s: Rise of laissez-faire economics (free trade) 1800s: Expansion of European trade across the globe 1839-1860: Anglo-Chinese Opium Wars

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Communication Technology

1500s-1800s: Rise of the “bourgeois public sphere”-- (French) salons, (British) coffeehouses, (German) Tischgesellschaften

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Culture and Religion

Late 1700s-early 1800s: Romanticism, rebellion against modernity

Wanderer above the sea of fog, Caspar David Friedrich

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

The Rise of the Sovereign State

1800s: Increase in administrative control 1790: US Census begins 1801: UK Census begins 1895: German Census begins 1860s: Haussman’s Renovation of Paris

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Nature and Science

1804-1814: Steam Powered Locomotive 1809: Electric light 1814: Photography 1829: Typewriter 1830: Sewing Maching 1839: Bicycle 1858: Internal Combustion Engine 1862: Machine gun 1876: Telephone

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Three phases of modernization

• Phase Three: Expansion of the Explosion (early 1900s - present)

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

European globalization

Early 1900s: Globalization I (as much global trade in 1910 as in 1980s) 1990s: Globalization II (fall of USSR, rise of internet, liberalization of China)

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Communication Technology

20th c: Radio, Television, Internet

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Culture and Religion

1900s-1950s: Secularization of Europe 1920s-1950s: Rise of mass media and pop culture 1950s-?: Fragmentation of popular into sub-cultures

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

The Rise of the Sovereign State

1914, 1939: Total War 1920s: Rise of the totalitarian state (fascism and communism) 1940s: Rise of state intelligence (CIA, FBI, M15 (UK), KGB (USSR)

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Nature and Science

1945: The Atomic Bomb 1958: First commercial transatlantic airplane flight 1969: Cuyahoga River (Cleveland, OH) catches fire 1978: Three Mile Island 1960s-1990s: The birth of the Internet

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310

Coping with modernity

• Affirming modernity

• Resisting modernity

• Withdrawing from modernity

• What is Berman’s preferred way of coping with modernity?

Eastern Washington University

CSBS 310