Reflection paper

kokr

Lecture7pwrptslides.pdf

Home >Education homework help >Reflection paper

Ch 7: The Verbal Code

Intercultural Communication: Principles and Practice.

FLAN 3440

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

The Verbal Code

Activity

Write down as many words as you can think which you use to refer to for Money!

Write down as many words as you can think which you use to refer to snow!

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Relationship Between Language & Culture

• Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis:

• “Human beings do not live in the objective world alone…but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society.”

• Principle 1: Linguistic Determinism

• Principle 2: Linguistic Relativity

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Relationship between Language & Culture

• Languages reflect Nonverbal elements of culture • Geographic

• Climatic

• Kinesic

• Spatial

• Proxemics

• Syntactic Features

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

The Structure of Human Language

• Sounds and Symbols • Phonemes

• Morphemes

• Symbol

• Syntax

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

The Structure of Human Language: Syntax & Universal Grammar

• Universality of Language • Language learning is uniform

among children within and across cultures

• Children across cultures acquire linguistic generalizations that experience alone could not give them

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Universals of Language

• Speech sounds emit from their source of origin

• Speech is • transmitted via vocal-auditory channel.

• transitory

• interchangeable

• Specialized

• reflexive

• able to be displaced from time and space

• able to be false

• Speakers can learn other languages

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Generative Grammar

• From a finite set of sounds and a finite set of rules, speakers of any language can create an infinite number of sentences

• Syntax can free the mind to create new words and sentences

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Gendering of Language: Are Languages Sexist?

• Grammatical Gender Languages

• Gender Equality and Language

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Elaborated and Restricted Codes

• Language vs. Speech

• Language symbolizes what is possible • Speech symbolizes what actually occurs

• Restricted Code (options to what speakers can say or do verbally are limited)

• Elaborated Code (speakers can choose from among a variety of linguistic options to communicate)

Direct and Indirect Styles

• Direct Style (overt expressions of intention)

• Assert self-face needs • Examples: U.S., England, Germany, Israel

• Indirect Style (speakers intents are hidden or only hinted at in interaction) • Prevents face threats to either speaker

• Examples: Japan and France

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Communication Styles

• Elaborate Style

• flashy and embellished language

• Exacting Style

• no more or less than is needed

• Succinct Style • concise statements

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Personal and Contextual Styles

• Personal

• communication that amplifies the individual identity of the speaker

• Contextual • communication that accentuates and highlights one’s role

identity and status

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Instrumental and Affective Styles

• Instrumental

• sender based and goal-outcome based.

• Affective

• receiver based and process oriented.

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Gendered Language Style Across Cultures

• Members of a speech community conform to prescribed rules of their specific language

• Language used by men and women differs across most cultures

Gendered Language Style Across Cultures

• One’s sex and gender are communicated through language

• Teamsterville • Japan

• Mandarin Chinese • Hindi

Language & Ethnic Identity

• Group Identity maintained through language.

• Status and Hierarchy recognized through language

Language & Ethnic Identity

• Immigrant groups may maintain cultural heritage and identity by using native language

• Immigrant groups may discourage use of native tongue to establish themselves legitimate members of new culture

Language & Ethnic Identity

• Dialect

• Regional variety or subset of a language distinguished by vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation

• Ebonics

• Chicano English

American Speech & Language Variety

• Standard English

• Appalachian English

• Cajun English

• R-Less Dialects

• California English

• Texas English

• Midwest

Richard Howard/Getty Images

Summary

• Human language made up of a system of sounds, syntax and semantics

• Sole purpose of language is to communicate • Explored Traditional and Contemporary Linguistic approaches to

language • Chomsky: Humans born with a universal grammar

• Children acquire language in the same way at about same time

• Children able to construct grammatically correct sentences without guidance

• Language is a guide to social reality • Explored the different cultural styles of language

• Direct to Indirect • Personal to Contextual • Instrumental to Affective • Elaborate to Succinct