essay about personal health
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lecture7.pptxApplied Health Behavior Change
Lecture 7
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Overview
Understand terms: health status, goal, category of behaviors, health behavior, and determinants
Understand the relationship between health behaviors, health determinants, and interventions.
+ types of behavior change interventions & theories
+ re: assignment #1 option #2
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Behavior
Behavior must be an action that people can observe
Four elements (Fishbein, 2008)
Action
Target
Context
Time
Changes in any one of these elements changes the behavior, changes the underlying factors, and changes effective interventions
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Health Behavior
Health behaviors (e.g., 30min of daily running)
Behaviors that are empirically, directly connected to the health status
Different from a health status (e.g., normal weight)
Different from goals & objectives (e.g., lose weight & burn calories)
Different from a category of behavior (e.g., physical activity)
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Health Behavior & Determinants
Health determinants (e.g., access to exercise facility)
“determinants” or “behavioral determinants”
factor that is assumed to influence, cause, or contribute to some outcome
We target determinants to induce change in behavior (NOT target behaviors directly)
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Health Behavior & Determinants
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Health status
Behavior
Proximal determinants
Distal determinants
Theoretical Principles of Prediction
Theoretical Principles of Change
Intervention & Program
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Practice…
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Behavior
Proximal determinants
Distal determinants
Intervention & Program
Pick a behavior
Identify determinant(s) that affects the behavior
Think of ways to alter those determinants
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Behavior Change Interventions
Educational Programs
Regulatory Initiatives
Advocacy Interventions
Environmental Change
Health Status and Monitoring
Communication and Media Programs
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Behavior Change Interventions
Educational Programs
Designed to increase knowledge or skills, and change attitudes.
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workshops
lectures
trainings
brochures
videos
drama
Behavior Change Interventions
Regulatory Initiatives
Laws, ordinances, regulations designed to influence health behaviors.
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Behavior Change Interventions
Advocacy Interventions
Focused on creating social change.
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Behavior Change Interventions
Environmental Change
Activities designed to alter or control the legal, Social, economic, or physical environment (Cheadle et al., 1992)
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Behavior Change Interventions
Health Status and Monitoring
Designed to facilitate an individual’s ability to assess their health status, health behaviors, and create an individual plan for changing behavior and improving health.
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Behavior Change Interventions
Communication and Media Programs
Can be stand alone intervention
Can be component of larger program
Public Service Announcements (PSAs) are often educational media programs
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Theories/Models: Examples
Traditionally, behavior change interventions & theories focused on determinants like knowledge, attitude, and belief
Example of theories/models of behavior change
Health Belief Model (“HBM”)
Social Cognitive Model (“SCM”)
Transtheoretical Model (“TTM”)
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Theories/Models: Examples
Health Belief Model
Belief must be supported before change occurs
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Theories/Models: Examples
Social Cognitive Model
Proposes that three factors (social environment, thoughts/cognition, and individuals’ behavior) interact in a reciprocal fashion to promote and motivate change.
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Theories/Models: Examples
No intention to change
Think need for change
Close to taking action; may have a plan
Follow action plan
Continue + make permanent
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Transtheoretical Model
Series of stages required until eventual change
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Take-Away Points
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Health status
Behavior
Proximal determinants
Distal determinants
Theoretical Principles of Prediction
Theoretical Principles of Change
Intervention & Program
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Announcement
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Assignment #1 grades posted on Canvas
Come to office hours for grade discussions
Discussion of assignment #1, option #2
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Additional Resource (re: assignment #1)
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Common citation formats
APA guideline
AMA guidelines
Finding academic articles
Common database (MEDLINE, ERIC, Web of Science, etc.)
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Additional Resource (re: assignment #1)
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What makes one study better than another?
Author’s credentials & experience
Date of publication
Study design (sample size, follow-up length, statistical methods & causality)
Potential conflict of interest
Journal index status? Impact factor?
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