Architecture and Design Assignment Questions

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Ancient Greece

The Minoans 2600-1100 BCE

The Mycenaeans 1600-1100 BCE

Greece Archaic Period 800-480 BCE

Classical Period 479-323 BCE

Hellenistic Period 323-31 BCE

The Minoans 2600-1100 BCE

The Mycenaeans 1600-1100 BCE

The Minoans 2600-1100 BCE

Knossos, ca. 1900-1300 BCE

Fresco of Bull Jumping, Knossos, ca. 1900-1300 BCE

Coins, Knossos, ca. 400 BCE

Theseus & the Minotaur, attributed to Lydos, ca. 550 BCE

Knossos, ca. 1900-1300 BCE

Throne Room, Knossos, ca. 1900-1300 BCE

fresco

technique of mural painting on wet plaster; painting becomes integrated with the wall

Minoan columns, Knossos, ca. 1900-1300 BCE

The Mycenaeans 1600-1100 BCE

Citadel, Mycenae, ca. 1350-1200 BCE

citadel

central, fortified area of a town or city, usually sited on a higher elevation than surrounding terrain

Citadel, Mycenae, ca. 1350-1200 BCE

Stereoscopic image of the Lion’s gate, photographed in 1897, Citadel, Mycenae, ca. 1350- 1200 BCE

cyclopean masonry

building material comprising large, irregular blocks of stone fitted closely together without the use of mortar

Lion Gate at Citadel, Mycenae, ca. 1350-1200 BCE

Post & Lintel

Corbel Arch

True Arch

Treasury of Atreus, Mycenae, ca. 1330 BCE

Piet de Jong’s study (1921-1923) of Treasury of Atreus, Mycenae, ca. 1330 BCE

Greece Archaic Period 800-480 BCE

Classical Period 479-323 BCE

Hellenistic Period 323-31 BCE

Hippodamus, Plan of Miletus, ca. 479 BCE

View of Athens

polis

Greek city-state; typically composed of a fortified urban center

controlling a surrounding territory of land

View of Athens

Agora of Athens

agora

central public space in ancient Greek city-states; literally "gathering place" or "assembly"

Old Bouleuterion, Agora of Athens, ca. 450 BCE

Painted Stoa, Agora of Athens, ca. 475-450 BCE

stoa

covered walkway or porch, often for public use

South Stoa, Agora of Athens, ca. 425 BCE

Stoa of Attalos, Agora of Athens, ca. 140 BCE

Greek architectural “orders”

John Shute, The First and Chief Groundes of Architecture, 1563

Temple of Poseidon at Isthmia

Acropolis, Athens, ca. 450 BCE

Key buildings:

- Propylaea - Temple of Athena Nike - Parthenon - Erechtheion

Acropolis, Athens, ca. 450 BCE

Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon, Athens, ca. 447-432 BCE

WEST

EAST

Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon, Athens, ca. 447-432 BCE

Triglyphs and metopes West Pediment

Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon, Athens, ca. 447-432 BCE

entasis

use of a slight convex curve on a surface to correct for visual ‘distortion’

Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon, Athens, ca. 447-432 BCE

Propylaea, Acropolis of Athens, ca. 437-432 BCE

Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis of Athens, ca. 437-432 BCE

Mnesikles, Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, ca. 421-406BCE

Porch of the Maidens, Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, ca. 421-406BCE

Centaur, ca. 900BCE

Greek “Dark Age” ca. 1100–800 BCE

Late Geometric Attic spouted krater (vessel for mixing water and wine), possibly from Thebes, c. 730 B.C.E

LEFT: Anavysos (Kroisos) Kouros, c. 530 B.C.E. RIGHT: Aristion of Paros, Phrasikleia Kore, c. 550–540 B.C.E.

Archaic Period ca. 800-480 BCE

Polykleitos, Doryphoros (Spear-Bearer) or The Canon, ca. 440 BCE

Classical Period 479-323 BCE

Laocoön and his Sons, early first century CE

Hellenistic Period 323-31 BCE

ARGUMENT

Humanism focuses on human experience and naturalistic perspectives, and emphasizes the human being’s potential for achievement or greatness in all things.

The Greek emphasis of human as measure extends this notion from proportions of Greek architecture to sculptural study of human form

EVIDENCE

Political organization of the poleis - emphasis on citizenship, governing body of individuals - not tied to religion

Architecture corrected for human view - subjectivity enacted on the object of architecture - entasis

Figuration in art privileges realism and naturalism over idealism