K172 Mid Term
S1monD
Lecture5-1.pptx
Korean Theism and
Christian Monotheism
-- Korean Terms for Christian God
-- Koreanization of Christian God
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The Term Question in Korea
Introduction
Term Question in China
Roman Catholics: From Shangdi 上帝 to Tianzhu 天主
Protestants: Dominance of Shangdi 上帝 over Shen 神
Shen camp
Shangdi camp
Tianzhu camp
Term Question in Korea (I)
Roman Catholics: Exclusive Use of Tianzhu 天主
John Ross’s Adoption of Hananim 하나님(하느님)from 1878
H. G. Underwood’s Experiments in 1890s
Rivalry of Tianzhu 텬쥬 and Hanănim , 1894-1904
Term Question in Korea (II): Inventing a Monotheistic God
Constructing Hanănim as the “One Great Lord,” 1900-1906
Hulbert
Gale
Underwood
Fulfillment Theory and Hanănim, 1910-1930
5. Conclusion
Advantages
Weaknesses
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1. Introduction
Term Question
“Rites Controversy” (ancestor worship)
“Term Controversy” (monotheism)
Significances
Establishing Christian monotheism
Western understanding East Asian religions
contemporary theology of religions
Interaction among mission groups & churches
Q. The Term Question, why is it important?
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Types of Theism
Monotheism: Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Baha'i Faith, Sikhism
Henotheism one particular highest god out of several tribal gods
Polytheism: Hinduism, Shintoism ---- pluralism
Pantheism: Creator = creation ---- spiritualism
Panentheism: Creator > creation
Deism: creator(s) does not alter the original plan for the universe –-- “a watchmaker”
Autotheism: one's self is a deity
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theism
Value-judgment theisms
Eutheism is the belief that a deity is wholly benevolent.
Dystheism is the belief that a deity is not wholly good, and is possibly evil.
Misotheism is the belief that a deity exists, but is wholly malicious.
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Q. Original Monotheism?
Two models up to 1940s
deterioration development
devolution evolution
corruption refromation
Pagan Polytheism
Nature worship
Idol worship
Modern
Monotheism
Primitive
Monotheism
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Method of Creation (Invention)
Inventing a new term for Christian identity
天主 as a neologism
Conservatives: blocking syncretism
Weakness: communication (foreignness- strange name)
Two Options in Term Question
2. Method of Incarnation (Indigenization)
Adopting a pre-existing name & Christianizing it & educating it
上帝
Liberals: promoting understanding th. pragmatic accommodation
Weakness: compromising Christian identity (syncretism)
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2. The Term Question In China
Shen 神 Shangdi 上帝 Americans British
Japan Korea
Kami 神
Tianzhou 天主
Anglicans (1890-)
Shamanism
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M. Ricci’s World Map (part), 1602
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RC Rites Controversy in China
From Shangdi 上帝 to Tianzhu 天主
From the 1630s: a dispute within the Catholic Church to the early 18th century about whether Chinese folk religion’s rites and offerings to the emperor constituted idolatry or not.
1715 Papal bull Ex illa die officially condemned the Chinese rites. Pope Clement XI decided in favor of the Dominicans (who argued that Chinese folk religion and offerings to the emperor were incompatible with Catholicism), which greatly reduced Catholic missionary activity in China.
It was related to larger controversies between the Dominicans and Jesuits over the adoption of local practices of other countries.
1939 Pope Pius XII modified his predecessor's decision.
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Shen 神 Shangdi 上帝 Americans British
Japan Korea
Kami 神
Tianzhou 天主
Anglicans (1890-)
Shamanism
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