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9/1/2020

L E C T U R E 4

The Driving Force to Sustainability

What is wrong with the way it is now?

• Humankind is rapidly depleting the Earth’s resources and deteriorating its ecosystems

• The rate of depletion and destruction is accelerating • The economy is predicated on cheap resources and cheap

disposal of waste • The value of the planet’s ecosystems to human social

systems and its economy are not considered

Question: How do we change course before we self-destruct? Answer: Redesign our economy and change our attitudes to

account for the critical role the environment plays in all aspects of our life.

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Fundamental Problem

Population o Currently estimated at 7.8 billion o China + India = 36.4%

China 1.43 B

India 1.37 B

USA 0.33 B

Source: http://wikipedia.com

Fundamental Problem

Population o Currently estimated at 7.8 billion (as of August, 2020) o China + India = 37%

o Asia = 60% (4.61b) o Africa = 15% (1.31b) o Europe = 11% (747 m) o Latin America + Caribbean = 9% o North America = 5% (579m)

o The “day of 7.8 billion” o July 2020 (US Census Bureau) o August 2020 (UN Division of Population)

o World & region maps: http://eduplace.com/ss/maps/

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Fundamental Problem

Consumption

o US & World

April 2006

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Global Warming

o US & World

The Coldest Areas Warm the Most

Global Warming

o Scientific American, August 2018

Glacier Melt

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Global Warming

o Florida: Expected sea level increase in 21st century: +1.2 meter

Sea Level Increase

Global Warming

o Impacts, o Agriculture o Health o Tourism o Tax Base o Insurance o Economy

Sea Level Increase

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Global Warming

o Impacts, o Insurance o Agriculture o Health o Tourism o Tax Base o Economy

Sea Level Increase

Sustainable Development

Social System

Natural System

Economic System

Source: http://papermasters.com

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Some New Vocabulary

 Sustainability

 Sustainable Development

 Sustainable Construction

 Substitutability

 Deep Ecology

 Factor 4 and Factor 10

 Carrying Capacity

 Ecological Footprint

 Ecological Rucksack

 Adaptive Management

 Ecological Economics

 Externalities

 Internalization

 Environmental Ethics

 Ethics of Sustainability

 Clean Production

 Industrial and Construction Ecology

 Industrial Metabolism

 Eco-efficiency

 NZEB

Even more…

 LCA

 LCC

 Ecological Design

 Green Construction

 Green Building Materials

 USGBC

 Green Building Initiative

 LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE, Green Globes

 Peak Water

 Watergy

 Emergy, Exergy, Entropy, Enthalpy

 Rainwater Harvesting

 Greywater, Reclaimed Water, Black water

 Architecture 2030 Challenge

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Sustainability Principles

Paradigm Shifts

NOW FUTURE

Consumption Conservation Depletion Stewardship Divided Integrated Centralized Local Artificial Natural Unhealthy Healthy Linear Circular Impersonal Community Bland Aesthetic Rights Responsibilities

Sustainability Principles

Lester Brown (Worldwatch Institute)

Over the long term for sustainability:

• Species Extinction <= Species Evolution • Soil Erosion <= Soil Formation • Forest Destruction <= Forest Regeneration • Carbon Emissions <= Carbon Fixation • Fish Catches <= Regeneration Capacity of Fisheries • Human Births <= Human Deaths

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Sustainability Principles

General Principles

• Minimize: resource consumption, use of non-renewables, pollution, toxics, waste.

• Maximize: efficiency, reuse, recycling, renewable resource use.

• Foster: conservation, understanding of natural systems functions, economic justice, stewardship

Sustainable Construction

o Construction that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (derived from the definition of sustainable development, 1987).

o The creation and maintenance of a healthy built environment based on resource efficient and ecological principles (defined in the 1st Conference on Sustainable Construction, 1994).

o has (at least) the following dimensions: economic, social & ecological/environment.

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Sustainable Construction

1. Minimize resource consumption (Conserve) 2. Maximize resource reuse (Reuse) 3. Use renewable or recyclable resource

(Renew/Recycle) 4. Protect the natural environment (Protect nature) 5. Create a healthy, non-toxic human environment

(Non-Toxics) 6. Apply Life Cycle Cost Analysis (Economics) 7. Pursue Quality in creating the built environment

(Quality)

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Green Buildings as a Response

Green Buildings emphasize: • Significant reductions in energy consumption;

renewable energy resources. • Water: rainwater harvesting, reuse, recycling. • Reuse and recycling of materials; renewable resources. • Land: reuse of greyfields & brownfields; smart

development; excellence in planning. • Excellent indoor air quality.

Green Building Rating Systems

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The LEED Rating System

www.usgbc.org

Sustainable Sites

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Energy and Atmosphere

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Materials and Resources

Source: buildinggreentv.com

Indoor Environmental Quality

Source: www.nbnnews.com

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Water Efficiency

Innovation in Design

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Green Globes

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Singapore BCA – Green Mark

Building Construction Authority (BCA)

Green Mark Rating System

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Singapore BCA – Green Mark

BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method

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BREEAM

BREEAM Criteria

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DGNB German Sustainable Building Council

etrium Köln - Konzernzentrale im Passivhausstandard

Köln, Germany

Neues Regionshaus Hannover

Hannover, Germany

OWP 11 Stuttgart

Stuttgart, Germany

Paul Wunderlich Haus Eberswalde

Eberswalde, Germany

DGNB

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Six Fields in the DGNB Certificate

Singapore Green Building Product Certification

http://www.sgbc.sg

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Singapore Green Building Product Certification

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Concluding Thoughts

• Sustainability is difficult to achieve but ultimately a necessity.

• Present trends make sustainability an impossibility.

• Huge increases in resource efficiency are required.

• Construction industry must participate for sustainability to succeed.

• The movement to Sustainable Construction is underway.

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Paper #2

Sustainability and Technology • Describe and compare emerging technologies

that both support and hinder sustainability. Pick one of each type of technology to discuss.

• Explain the basis of your evaluation.

Check your completed course paper using safe- assign to prevent instances of plagiarism.