Indian history 2 pages

The English colonist: -They settled in North America

“To the Virginian voyage” (1606):

· He was a pirate

· He planned to launch a pirate base off the coast of Virginia

· Virginia was named after the First Queen of England

· His plan was to start attacking Spanish galleons that had both silver and gold coming from Mexico and other Latin countries.

· It was a business plan

· In (1587) they started a colony in Virginia they Established the first English settlement, but it was a disaster.

· It did not go well with settlers and the Indian Americans

· After 20 years the settlement in Virginia was banned

· They wanted to start an investment in Virginia

· In order to let people, come to Virginia to work they a made commercial

· The commercial:

“And cheerfully at the sea successes you will intice to get the pearls and gold and ours to hold. Virginia earth’s onely paradise”

“Where nature hath in store fowl, venison, and fish and the fruitfull’st soil without your toil, three harvest more all greater than you wish”

· People were attracted to the commercial because England was not an easy place to live in

Jamestown, 1607:

· Virginia company

· They established a town

· The English thought that when they move to the town they will be royalty and Native Americans will be their servants

· Some settlers refused to work which created a tension with the Indians

· Refusal to work and trouble with Powhatans

· Starving time (1609) in which people are waiting for supplies coming from England and they cannot go hunt because the Indians are mad at them

· People die after each other in which 70% died people ate rates

· A man called John Smith’s came up with the rule that if you do not work you do not eat and end up starving which kind helped to improve the situation

· John Smith’s “military rule”

Prelude to Indian wars:

· Indians no peaceful:

· But limited wars

· English designs in North America deals with land and settlement which makes them diff than the Spanish, French and Dutch.

· They had few pearls which made them rely on agriculture

· Indians are not noble and not savages they are in between

Limited war	Total war
Conquer a piece of Land instead of a whole country	Get all the resources use every single element (even children are mobilized to enter the war)
Technology (US have atomic weapons)
Who do you fight is it only armies or is it populations
Limit number of casualties in war

· Tactics: Three levels of war

Tactical (the lowest level of war)	Operational	Strategic level war (the national level of war)
Close a road or a bridge	The way or plan level of the war	Blockade in Qatar (they want us to follow what they want)
soldiers	generals and officers	politicians

· Cultural differences

· Example: Europeans think that warfare is uncivilized instead they have two armies, army(A) and army(B) and they meet up in a certain day and they start shooting at each other and at the end of the day one army wins this is called pitched battle. Indians did not fight according to the European rules likewise Europeans think that Native Americans warfare was savage while the native was looking at the Europeans as savages because they were wasting their own men and lives. That is the miscommunication in both sides.

· To American Indians going into a town and killing a baby and a women was counted as bravery, because they entered the enemies town heart. While we think it is savage.

· We need to treat the prisoners humanly but to American Indians that was not the case they could kill or torcher the prisoner. That was savage to Europeans and that is why they have the picture of cutting the parts of human and eating them which did not really happen.

· Europeans used to rape women and the American Indians will look at that as savage.

· Cultural miscommunicate

· Ambush is a surprise attack; raid is sudden quick and short left move in and out of a territory and surprise this is called now adays (Guerilla Warfare) (Asymmetrical Warfare)

· When two different cultures meet in the battlefield the consequence is (Escalation) in which it means that both sides start adapting the bad traits of each other.

· Example: The Natives will take a European and torcher him the Europeans will see that, and they will do the same actions to the natives. (Violence)

· Warfare changes cultures in which it can make people more violent

· Both sides looking at each other like monsters and one day you can become that monster.

· What are the advantages of the gun?

· Guns have dramatic impact in warfare. Indian Americans shoot 5-10 arrows while the European takes the time to reload a gun.

· The advantage of guns is that it does not need training but is it takes years for you to master shooting an arrow, it requires you to develop arm strength and accuracy. You cannot shoot an arrow while laying down

Causes of Indian Wars:

· Had to provide food

· Missionization

· Economic dependency:

· Liquor

· Epidemic diseases

· The main issue between Europeans and American Indians is the Europeans wants the land and the Indians did not want to give up their land

· Expanding English settlement

The three Powhatan wars, 1610-1644:

· 3 wars

· “Satan” Indian Americans became looking like him

· Bankrupts

Pocahontas:

· She saved John Smith as in the movie

· She was very young she was 12 or 15 years

· She did not save him because she fell in love with John Smith but instead to establish peace

· Peace offer rather than romance

· Indian American had power while English women had less power in their own community

· She did not marry John Smith but instead she married John Rolfe he was involved in the very first Virginian company to make profit and the profit was tobacco

· (Commodification) turning religious sources into commercial purposes which is offensive