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Learning to LEED

Introduction & Overview

Green Building

Fundamentals for the LEED

Green Associate

Lecture 10

Introduction

“Green building is an integrative effort to transform the

way environments are designed, constructed, and

operated”.

The EPA has found that people in the United States

spend, on average, 90% of their time indoors.

In the United States, buildings consume

resources and generate waste:

• 14% of potable water consumption

• 30% of waste output

• 38% CO2 emissions

• 40% raw materials use

• 72% of electricity consumption

About the USGBC

USGBC Self-Description & History

• “The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is

coordinating the establishment and evolution of a

national consensus effort to provide the industry with

tools necessary to design, build and operate buildings

that deliver high performance inside and out.”

• Founded in 1993 as a nonprofit

• Committee-Based & Consensus-Focused

• >30,000 member organizations

• More than 100 regional chapters

About the USGBC

• LEED v1.0 issued in 1998 for beta testing

• LEED v 2.0 was the first ‘production’ version of LEED

(2000)

• LEED-NC 2.1 refined previous version

• LEED-NC 2.2 is another refined version (2005)

• LEED 3.0 is another version (2009)

• LEED 4.0 is yet another version (2014)

• LEED v4.1 is the latest version beginning spring 2019

• *Note: more info about LEED 2019, please visit https://new.usgbc.org/leed-v41

USGBC Self-Description & History (cont’d)

https://new.usgbc.org/leed-v41

About the USGBC

5*Corporate Membership

About the Green Business

Certification Inc. (GBCI)

GBCI Self-Description & History

• “GBCI is the only certification and credentialing body

within the green business and sustainability industry to

exclusively administer project certifications and

professional credentials of LEED, EDGE, GRESB, Parksmart,

PEER, SITES, TRUE and WELL.

• For LEED, it certifies buildings & accredits people

– Deals with fees associated with the LEED process (For profit)

• Established in January 2008 (Green Building Certification

Institute) and changed in April 2015

LEED V4.1

What is LEED v4.1?

•LEED 2019: Technical

advancements to the

LEED credits and points

•LEED Online: A tool LEED

project teams use to

manage the LEED

registration and

certification processes

•Certification model: Certification infrastructure based on

ISO standards, administered by the Green Business

Certification Inc. (GBCI)

• LEED-v4.1 is a building rating or assessment system, not

a green building standard

• However it serves as a ‘quasi de facto’ standard for

green building

• LEED-v4.1 is the most recent version of the LEED

standard for new construction and major renovations

• LEED is voluntary, consensus-based and market driven

• LEED lends itself to be “gamed” (i.e. buying credits)

• Green Globes is close to becoming a standard

Standards: https://www.wbdg.org/resources/gbs.php

LEED v4.1

https://www.wbdg.org/resources/gbs.php

LEED AP

LEED AP Specialties are as follows:

• Existing Buildings Operations + Maintenance

• Homes

• Building Design + Construction

• Interior Design + Construction

• Neighborhood Development

LEED Rating systems are as follows:

• New Construction

• Core & Shell

• Commercial Interiors

• Schools

• Healthcare

• Retail

• Existing Buildings Operations & Maintenance

• Homes

• Neighborhood Development 9

LEED Specialties

LEED 2019 Credentialing Program

More details @

http://www.usgbc.org/credentials

LEED Rating Systems

LEED for New Construction and

Major Renovations (NC)

• LEED-NC focus is a rating system developed to guide and distinguish

high-performance commercial and institutional projects. The main focus has been on commercial office

space

• The vast majority of LEED projects fall under the LEED-NC umbrella.

LEED for New Construction and

Major Renovations (NC)

• When to use this rating system:

All commercial buildings including offices, institutional

buildings such as libraries, museums, churches, etc.,

and hotels. Residential buildings of 4 or more floors

that are going to be occupied.

A major renovation (50% OR MORE of occupants or

building displaced) involves HVAC renovation,

significant envelope modifications, and major

interior remodels.

The owner or tenant must occupy more than 50% of

the buildings leasable square footage.

LEED for Existing Buildings:

Operations & Maintenance (EB)

• LEED-EB serves as a guide for

potentially delivering

environmentally responsible,

healthy, and productive built

environments.

• Individual tenant spaces do not

apply for this.

****** Also known as O+M and EBOM

LEED for Existing Buildings:

Operations & Maintenance (EB)

When to use this rating system:

• Commercial, institutional, offices, retail and service,

libraries, schools, museums, churches, hotels and

residential buildings of 4 or more occupied stories.

• Building must have been occupied a minimum of

12 months to be registered as a LEED-EB project

• For projects involving significant alterations, NO

more than 50% of the floor area or NO more than

50% of the occupants must be affected, otherwise

a LEED-NC project

LEED for Core and Shell

Development Projects (CS)

• LEED-CS serves the

owner/designer/developer with focus on

base building elements

– Structure

– Envelope

– Building systems (HVAC)

• Recognizes split between developer and

tenant regarding speculative build space

• Allows for advertising of pre-certification

status

LEED for Core and Shell

Development Projects (CS)

• When to use this rating system:

Commercial office buildings, medical office buildings, retail centers, warehouses, and labs.

The owner must occupy less than 50% of the buildings leasable square footage.

LEED for Commercial

Interiors (CI)

• LEED-CI serves the tenant improvement building segment.

• LEED-CI focus is on:

– High performance interiors

– Healthier choices

– Lower operational costs

– Reduce environmental footprint

LEED for Commercial

Interiors (CI)

• When to use this rating system:

Tenants who lease a space but do not occupy the entire building.

Designed to work hand in hand with LEED CS

LEED for Schools (S)

• LEED for Schools is the recognized third-party standard for high-performance schools that are healthy for students, comfortable for teachers, and cost-effective

• By addressing the uniqueness of school spaces and children’s health issues, LEED for Schools provides a unique, comprehensive tool for schools that wish to build green, with measurable results

• All new construction and major renovations of K-12 school facilities seeking LEED certification must use the LEED for Schools Rating System

• LEED for Schools is recommended – though not required – for Early Education, Daycare, and Higher Education facilities.

LEED for Schools (S)

• When to use this rating system:

Academic buildings on K-12 school grounds.

Other projects that are non-academic located on school campus may qualify for either LEED NC or LEED for Schools.

Projects involving prekindergarten or after grade 12 can use either LEED NC or LEED for Schools.

LEED for Healthcare

This addresses issues such as higher sensitivity to chemicals and pollutants inside the building, distance from parking to facility, and access to nature and natural spaces.

• When to use this rating system:

Inpatient care facilities, licensed out-patient facilities, and licensed long term care facilities.

Medical offices, assisted living facilities, and medical education and research buildings.

LEED for Retail

Allows for whole building certification of retail buildings.

Recognizes and addresses the different types of spaces and product lines.

• When to use this rating system:

A freestanding retail building or outlet.

LEED for Homes(H)

Must be a “dwelling unit” by definition using applicable codes.

Every LEED Home project team must work with a designated LEED for Homes Provider

LEED for Homes Providers will designate a LEED Rater to verify your project

• When to use this rating system: Dwelling must include permanent provisions for living,

sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation.

Every home must have a cooking area and bathroom.

Single family, and small multi-family dwellings.

No larger than 3 stories.

LEED for Homes (H) LEED for Homes rating system points are adjusted depending on the sq. footage of the building.

The larger the home, the more points required to get LEED certified.

LEED for Neighborhood

Development (ND) Uses and encourages the principals of smart growth, new

urbanism best practices, and green building.

Incorporates land use planning of an entire neighborhood including buildings, infrastructure, street design, and open spaces.

• When to use this rating system:

Use in neighborhood design and mixed-use communities

A large variety of project sizes are eligible although the project must include a residential component whether new or existing

Eligible participants must successfully protect and enhance overall health, nature and environment, and quality of life in communities.

LEED Rating Systems - Credit Weights

•Each credit is given a point system based on the

importance of the environmental and building related

impacts that it focuses on.

•Credits that most directly address critical environmental

issues and human impacts are given the greatest weights.

LEED Rating Systems - Pre-Requisites and Credits

•Each category consists of Pre-Requisites and Credits.

•Pre-Requisites are required to comply with.

•Credits are elected by projects but you must get a

minimum amount of points to become LEED certified.

•Minimum points depend on LEED rating system used

LEED Credit Information

LEED Credit Information Carbon Overlay

•The score for each credit is estimated based on the

carbon footprint for the credit in a typical LEED building.

•The building’s carbon footprint is the total greenhouse

gas emissions connected with the construction, building

materials, and operation.

This is based on:

•Energy use by building systems

•Transportation related to the building

•Embodied emissions of water which entails electricity

used to extract, convey, treat, and deliver the water

•Embodied emissions of solid waste which includes life

cycle emissions

•Embodied emissions of material which includes emissions incurred

in the manufacture and transport of the material

• LEED: Leadership in Energy and

Environmental Design

• Credit Categories: The SEVEN major areas assessed

– Location and Transportation LT

– Sustainable Sites: SS

– Water Efficiency: WE

– Energy & Atmosphere: EA

– Materials & Resources: MR

– Indoor Environmental Quality: EQ

– Innovation in Design: ID

– Regional Priorities: RP

** RP is not a stand-alone category in the reference

guide or at LEED Online**

LEED Rating System

LEED for Homes has 2 additional credit

categories

1. Location and Linkages

2. Awareness and Education

LEED for Neighborhood Development is

different from the others and only has 3

credit categories

1. Smart Location and Linkage

2. Neighborhood Pattern and Design

3. Green Infrastructure and Buildings

LEED Rating System

LEED Rating System LEED-NC Point Structure

• 7 Categories: LT, SS, EA, WE, MR, EQ, ID, RP (Location, site, energy, water, materials, indoor environmental quality, innovation in design and regional priorities)

• Prerequisites: Required to receive certification, but not counted as points

• Credits: benchmarks within categories

• 110 Total Points Available

– Certified: 40-49 points

– Silver: 50-59 points

– Gold: 60-79 points

– Platinum: 80-110 points

• Copy of LEED Scorecards are available at

the USGBC website

• Blank Scorecard for NC and project

scorecard

• The Scorecard is the starting point for the

project team to assess the project with

respect to LEED

• The Scorecard is the basis for setting up LEED

Online

LEED Rating System LEED Scorecard

LEED online template that is filled out by the

assigned team members. The project team

administrator assigns these tasks.

The submittal template provides space for

narratives and a basic structure for

information to be filled in for each specific

credit.

These templates are submitted to the GBCI and

are the information logs used for the design

review and the construction review.

LEED Submittal Templates

• Registration: Notifying the GBCI that you are pursuing LEED certification. Projects can register by

submitting the online registration form, or by mailing

a completed version PDF registration form to GBCI

headquarters

• Certification: Recognition by the GBCI that the project is a green building

• Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIR): An online database of queries to the GBCI about issues

not specifically covered elsewhere

• LEED Online: The section of the GBCI website where the LEED project is managed

LEED

2020/10/8 35

Formal letter indicating certification and a mountable

plaque

LEED LEED Recognition for Certification

LEED

1. Register the project at LEED Online

2. Appoint Project Team Administrator

3. Choose Certification Path: One or Two Phase

4. Gather Documentation

5. Technical support

6. Apply for certification

7. GBCI Review (Several Stages)

8. Certification Awarding

Overview of the Process

LEED

• Register at www.usgbc.org

 Ideally, in the PRE-DESIGN PHASE!

 Easy to fill out online form

• Registration cost is fixed regardless of

building size:

• $900 for members

• $1200 for non-members

Registration

LEED Certification Fees

Less than 50,000 Square Feet

50,000- 500,000 Square Feet

More than 500,000 Square Feet

Appeals (if applicable)

LEED for: New Construction full certification

Fixed Rate Based on Square Footage

Fixed Rate Per credit

Design Review

Members $1,250.00 $0.025 / sf $12,500.00 $500.00

Non-Members $1,500.00 $0.030 / sf $15,000.00 $500.00

Expedited Fee* $5,000.00 regardless of square footage $500.00

Construction Review

Members $500.00 $0.010 / sf $5,000.00 $500.00

Non-Members $750.00 $0.015 / sf $7,500.00 $500.00

Expedited Fee* $5,000.00 regardless of square footage $500.00

Combined Design & Construction Review

Members $1,750.00 $0.035 / sf $17,500.00 $500.00

Non-Members $2,250.00 $0.045 / sf $22,500.00 $500.00

Expedited Fee* $10,000.00 regardless of square footage $500.00

http://www.usgbc.org/

• Preliminary Review or Design Review: The credit and/or prerequisite can be awarded or requesting

clarification.

• Final Review: The project team can directly address the comments from the

preliminary review. The project team may submit further

paperwork and supporting documents needed to achieve

the credit.

• Appeal Review: Here you have another chance to achieve a denied credit.

There is a $500 appeal review fee.

• “Design—Construction– Certification”

LEED Certification

LEED Certification Timeline Preliminary Review

1. After submission of completed Letter Templates, within

25 business days of administrative approval, USGBC

issues a Preliminary LEED Review document

 Noting credit achievement anticipated, clarify or earned, and denied

 USGBC will audit up to 6 credits/prerequisites

2. The project team has 25 days to provide corrections

and clarifications as a supplementary submittal

 Re-submittal: if there are disputed credits, the

construction team must provide corrections or

additional supporting documents.

3. Final Review: The GBCI will provide a rating

within 15 business days of the re-submittal

4. After Final Review: Accept or Appeal

 25 business days for project team to accept

or appeal the certification before it is final.

 Appeals at this stage costs $500 per credit.

 Leads to an Appeal LEED Review (25

business days)

5. Certification as LEED Certified, Silver, Gold, or

Platinum building

Note: LEED Platinum projects will be refunded

the certification fee.

LEED Certification Timeline Final Review, Appeals & Certification Awarding

Certification Timeline

• Preliminary Review 25 Business Days

• Team Response 25 Business Days

• Final Review & Certification 15 Business Days

• Notify USGBC of Appeal 10 Business Days

• Team Appeal 25 Business Days

• Appeal Review 25 Business Days

• Final Certification Awarding

• Upon payment of a $10,000 fee ($5,000 Design Phase, $5,000 Construction Phase) the GBCI will conduct an expedited review of the project

– 12 business days for a Request for Clarification

– 10 business days for the project team to provide clarification

– 7 business days for a Final Review

– 12 business days for an Appeal Review

• Reduces typical process time by 50% (41 business days versus about 3 months)

LEED Certification

Expedited Review

• A project team may appeal the denial of a LEED credit at the time of final design review or final construction review. The final design review will be conducted when the construction credits have been submitted for final review.

• The cost to appeal is $500 per credit.

LEED Appeals

These 2 rating systems have a different certification process.

LEED for Homes has a 5 step process.

• LEED for Homes must have a LEED for Homes Rater on the team as of January 1, 2011.

• The process:

1. Early planning

2. Design

3. Build

4. Verification and certification

5. Reflection on achievements

LEED for ND has a 3 step process that follows a typical ND process. This process can take years or decades.

• The process:

1. Review prior to completion of the entitlement (permitting) process

2. Certification of approved development plan

3. Review of a completed ND

LEED Certification for Homes and ND

Minimum Program

Requirements (MPRs) The MPRs

• Apply to: LEED-NC 2019, LEED-CS 2019, LEED- Schools 2019, LEED-CI 2019 and LEED-EB 2019

• Don’t apply to: LEED-Homes, LEED-ND, or any LEED Rating System adopted prior to 2009

The MPRs aim to:

• Give clear guidance to customers and project teams

• Protect the integrity of the LEED program

• Reduce complications that occur during the LEED Certification process.

The 7 MPRS include:

1. Must comply with environmental laws

2. Must be a complete, permanent building or space

3. Must use a reasonable site boundary

4. Must comply with minimum floor area requirements

5. Must comply with minimum occupancy rates

6. Must commit to sharing whole-building energy and

water usage data

7. Must comply with a minimum building area to site area ratio

Minimum Program

Requirements (MPRs)

NOTE: Certification may be revoked from any LEED

project upon gaining knowledge of non-compliance

with any applicable MPR. If such a circumstance occurs,

registration and/or certification fees will not be

refunded.

1. MUST COMPLY WITH

ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS

New Construction, Core & Shell, Schools, Commercial

Interiors:

- The LEED project building or space, all other real

property within the LEED project boundary, and all

project work must comply with all applicable federal,

state, and local building-related environmental laws

and regulations in place where the project is located.

Existing Buildings: O&M:

- Above condition must be satisfied from the start of

the LEED project’s first LEED-EB: O&M performance

period through the expiration date of the LEED

Certification.

2. MUST BE A COMPLETE,

PERMANENT BUILDING OR SPACE

All Rating Systems:

- No building or space that is designed to move at any point in

its lifetime may pursue LEED Certification.

New Construction, Core & Shell, Schools, Existing Buildings: O&M:

- LEED projects must include at least one building in its entirety.

- Additionally, construction prerequisites and credits may not

be submitted for review until substantial completion of

construction has occurred.

Commercial Interiors:

The LEED project scope must include a complete interior

space distinct from other spaces within the same building with

regards to at least one of the following characteristics:

ownership, management, lease, or party wall separation.

3. MUST USE A REASONABLE

SITE BOUNDARY New Construction, Core and Shell, Schools,

Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance

1. The LEED project boundary must include all contiguous land

that is associated with and supports normal building.

2. The LEED project boundary may not include land that is

owned by a party other than that which owns the LEED

project.

3. LEED projects located on a campus must have project

boundaries such that if all the buildings on campus become

LEED certified, then 100% of the gross land area on the

campus would be included within a LEED boundary.

4. Any given parcel of real property may only be attributed to

a single LEED project building.

5. Gerrymandering of a LEED project boundary is prohibited:

the boundary may not unreasonably exclude sections of land

to create boundaries in unreasonable shapes for the sole

purpose of complying with prerequisites or credits. 50

4. MUST COMPLY WITH MINIMUM

FLOOR AREA REQUIREMENTS

New Construction, Core and Shell, Schools,

Existing Buildings: Operations and

Maintenance

- The LEED project must include a minimum

of 1,000 square feet of gross floor area.

Commercial Interiors

- The LEED project must include a minimum

of 250 square feet of gross floor area.

5. MUST COMPLY WITH

MINIMUM OCCUPANCY RATES

New Construction, Core & Shell, Schools, and

Commercial Interiors:

- The LEED project must serve 1 or more Full

Time Equivalent (FTE) occupant(s),

Existing Buildings: O&M:

- The LEED project must serve 1 or more Full

Time Equivalent (FTE) occupant(s),

- The LEED project must be in a state of

typical physical occupancy, and all building

systems must be operating at a capacity

necessary to serve the current occupants.

6. MUST COMMIT TO SHARING WHOLE- BUILDING ENERGY AND WATER USAGE

DATA

All certified projects must commit to sharing with

USGBC and/or GBCI all available actual whole-

project energy and water usage data.

Compliance methods are:

1.Recertified on 2 year cycle using LEED for

Existing Buildings: O&M

2.Provide on going energy and water data

annually

3.Owner authorizes USGBC to access data directly from utility provider

7. MUST COMPLY WITH A MINIMUM

BUILDING AREA TO SITE AREA RATIO

The gross floor area of the LEED project building must be no less than 2% of the gross land area within the LEED project boundary.

LEED Technical Support - CIR

Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIRs)

• Project Teams shall not submit CIRs in the format of a letter.

• CIRs shall contain only the specific inquiry and the essential background information necessary for a ruling.

• CIRs shall not contain in excess of 600 words or alternatively 4000 characters including spaces.

• Project Teams shall not submit attachments, cut- sheets, plans or drawings with any CIR.

• The current price to submit a CIR is $220.

• Project Teams must submit the CIR inquiry and the

ruling with their LEED application in order to ensure

a complete review.

• Project Teams should note that neither the credit

language nor the minimum achievement

thresholds can be changed through the CIR

process.

• CIR rulings do not in any way guarantee that a

LEED MPR, prerequisite or credit will be satisfied or

achieved.

• The project Applicant must still demonstrate and

document satisfaction of all LEED requirements

during the LEED certification process.

• Project teams must adhere to the CIRs rulings

received for their projects.

LEED Technical Support – CIR (cont’d)

• All CIR rulings that are generated in response to a CIR

submitted on or before January, 2019, and pertain to a

pre-LEED 2019 Rating System, are precedent setting. Such

rulings will be referenced in the CIR database.

• Accordingly, the CIR ruling will carry forth and apply to

other pre-LEED 2019 projects submitted by the same

Project Team and also be available as a ruling for other

pre-LEED 2019 projects registered by other project teams.

• All CIR rulings that are generated in response to a CIR

submitted after January, 2019, for all rating systems

including pre-LEED 2019 and current versions, will be

project specific.

• As a result, the ruling will only apply to the project for which

the CIR was submitted, and there will be no corresponding

entry in the CIR database.

LEED Technical Support – CIR (cont’d)

• Accordingly, the CIR ruling will not be

precedent setting and will not carry forth

and apply to other projects submitted by

the same Project Team nor be available as

a ruling for other projects registered by other

project teams.

• Please Note: The CIR database that was

created for pre-LEED 2019 rating systems

may not be referenced or relied upon by

project teams pursuing certification in accordance with LEED 2019 rating systems.

LEED Technical Support – CIR (cont’d)