Discussion Form Question

Re-implementing anthropogenic burning in the Nyangumarta Warrarn

IPA

Nick Smith: Anthropology Steve Leonard: Ecology & Nyangumarta people

Research Contexts Conservation as development Indigenous rights globally and locally Interdisciplinary project Community-based participatory planning

2

Nyangumarta Warrarn IPA

Melbourne

Alice SpringsKintore

Port Hedland

Bidyadanga Broome

Nyangumarta Warrarn IPA

Local context: IPAs

4

31

35

29

30

20

11

9

15

1

16

2

3

19

18

12

14

6

26 27

25

4

28

32 33

21

61

34

36 39

75

40

41

A

B

7 8

44

45

46 48

22 38

A

10

50

49

D

76

47

54

A

52

53

56

74

73 13

60

58

57

62

65

63

64

55

66

23

2468 68

69 37 43

17

51

67

70

71

72

42

59

C

B

D

C

A

5

A

E

C B

A

E

D

Hay

Roma

Moree

Umuwa

Derby

Perth

Sydney

Hobart

Mackay

Cairns

Darwin

Ceduna

Broome

Albany

Mildura

Emerald

Yuendumu

Canberra

Portland

Brisbane

Lajamanu

Adelaide

Melbourne

Devonport

Kowanyama

Burketown

Mount Isa

Mutitjulu

Katherine

Kununurra

Warburton

Esperance

Geraldton

Brewarrina

Townsville

Cunnamulla

Broken Hill

Leigh Creek

Coober Pedy

Kiwirrkurra

Docker River

Port Hedland

Alice Springs

Lockhart River

Mulan

0 500 1,000250

kilometres

Indigenous Protected Areas August 2020

1 Nantawarrina 2 Preminghana 3 Risdon Cove 4 Putalina 5 Deen Maar 6 Yalata 7 Watarru 8 Walalkara 9 Mount Chappell Island 10 Badger Island 11 Guanaba 12 Warul Kawa Island 13 Dhimurru 14 Wattleridge 15 Mount Willoughby 16 Paruku 17 Ngaanyatjarra 18 Tyrendarra 19 Toogimbie 20 Anindilyakwa 21 Laynhapuy 22 Ninghan 23 Northern Tanami 24 Warlu Jilajaa Jumu 25 Kaanju Ngaachi x Wenlock and Pascoe Rivers 26 Babel Island 27 Great Dog Island 28 lungatalanana 29 Pulu Islet 30 Tarriwa Kurrukun 31 Angas Downs 32 Warddeken 33 Djelk 34 Jamba Dhandan Duringala 35 Kurtonitj 36 Framlingham Forest 37 Kalka - Pipalyatjara 38 Boorabee and The Willows 39 Lake Condah 40 Marri-Jabin (Thamurrurr) 41 Brewarrina Ngemba Billabong 42 Uunguu 43 Apara - Makiri - Punti 44 Antara - Sandy Bore 45 Dorodong

66 Warraberalgal and x Porumalgal 67 Kiwirrkurra 68 Nyangumarta Warrarn 69 Matuwa Kurrara-Kurrara 70 Katiti Petermann 71 Ganalanga-Mindibirrina 72 Wardang Island 73 Marthakal 74 South-East Arnhem Land 75 Yawuru 76 Mawonga

Dedicated Indigenous Protected Areas

Note: CM = Co-Managed IPA

Indigenous Protected Area Consultation Projects

WA A Jilakurru, Kaalpi and Western Desert Lakes B Ngururrpa C Spinifex Pilki D Ngadju

QLD A Wuthathi Shelburne Bay B Wik, Wik Way and Kugu C Olkola D Talaroo E Mamu

NSW A Werai Forest (CM)

VIC A Wurdi Youang

NT A Crocodile Islands Maringa B Arafura Swamp C Mimal D Tiwi Islands E Haasts Bluff

Data Sources:

Indigenous Protected Areas © Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, 2020. Localities: © Commonwealth of Australia , Geoscience Australia, 2006. Collaborative Australian Protected Areas Database - CAPAD 2018: © Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, 2020. Australian Land Tenure 1993: © Commonwealth of Australia , Geoscience Australia, 1993 State and Territory Borders: © Commonwealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia, 2004.

Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for the Environment.

While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication.

Map produced by: Environmental Resource Information Network (ERIN), 24/08/2020

© Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, 2020.

Albers Equal Area projection on the GDA94 Datum.

46 Weilmoringle 47 Yanyuwa (Barni - Wardimantha Awara) 48 Minyumai 49 Gumma 50 Mandingalbay Yidinji 51 Southern Tanami 52 Angkum 53 Ngunya Jargoon 54 Birriliburu 55 Eastern Kuku Yalanji 56 Bardi Jawi 57 Girringun 58 Wilinggin 59 Dambimangari 60 Balanggarra 61 Thuwathu/Bujimulla 62 Yappala 63 Wardaman 64 Karajarri 65 Nijinda Durlga

Other protected areas

Aboriginal lands

SA A Maralinga Tjarutja Lands

The Community: Nyangumarta people

• geographic community (e.g. residents of Bidyadanga or Broome)

• language group community and

• a community of kin

Nyangumarta values - IPA • speaking language on country is important • business, Law, culture and rules; • health and wellbeing; strength; (people & country) • connection to country; • education and awareness; • respect for elders; • independence/autonomy • transmission of knowledge

6

Ecological values • Eighty Mile Beach - Ramsar site and Important

Bird Area • Mandora Marsh– complex of fresh and saline

wetlands, globally significant • Threatened species

7

Threats

8

• Invasive species

• people

• wildfire

Why fire?

• Fire culturally and ecologically significant • Key management tool

9

10

IPA area burnt 2000 Area burnt 2001

11

Global context: Culture, ecology, community development, Indigenous rights

“Indigenous people have a vital role in environmental management and development because of their knowledge and traditional practices. States should recognise and duly support their identity, culture and interests and enable their effective participation in the achievement of sustainable development.” (Rio Declaration United Nations 1993, Principle 22)

12

Indigenous communities and biodiversity conservation

• +400 million indigenous people in 70 nations have ‘retained social, cultural, economic and political characteristics that are distinct from those of the dominant societies in which they live’ (UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/ en/history.html)

• Indigenous people 5% of world population/15% of world’s poor

13

http://www.firstpeoples.org/who-are-indigenous-peoples 14

Conclusions • “The holistic and diverse value systems and ways of life of

IPLCs across the world offer culturally distinctive visions of alternative sustainable futures which need to be understood, respected and protected… Yet the cultures of IPLCs and the associated rich biodiversity on their lands continue to be eroded and displaced by dominant unsustainable production and consumption systems that are destroying the planet’s biodiversity”

• “IPLCs in many countries are central actors in sustainable agriculture, fisheries, aquaculture and forestry and caretakers of habitat. A radical transformation is required, to one that fully recognizes the role of IPLCs in conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and their contribution to protecting ecosystems, both of which are currently under- reported and under-valued.” (Forest Peoples Programme 2020: 24-25) 15

References • Berkes, F. 2009. “Indigenous ways of knowing and the study of

environmental change” Journal of Royal Society of New Zealand, 39 (4): 151-156.

• Forest Peoples Programme, International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity, Indigenous Women’s Biodiversity Network, Centres of Distinction on Indigenous and Local Knowledge, and Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2020, Local Biodiversity Outlooks 2: the contributions of indigenous people and local communities to the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and to renewing nature and cultures. A complement to the fifth edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook. Forest Peoples Programme. http://www.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net/ accessed 01/10/2020

• Nyangumarta Warrarn Aboriginal Corporation & Yamatji Marlpa Aboriginal Corporation, 2015, Nyangumarta Warrarn Indigenous Protected Area, Plan of Management, 2015 to 2020. Prepared by Dr Nicholas Smith, South Hedland, WA. weblink

• Walsh, F & P Mitchell. 2002. Planning for Country: cross-cultural approaches to decision-making on Aboriginal lands. IAD Press, Alice Springs, NT.