Lecture-AsianAmericansPowerPointPresentation.pptxAsian Americans
The Americanization Experiences of The Model Minority
Demographics
Total Population (2014) 19,437,463, or 6.1% of US population
Female: 47.4%
Male: 52.6%
Largest contributors to Asian-American Population
China 3.79 million
Philippines 3.41 million
India 3.18 million
Vietnam 1.73 million
Korea 1.7 million
Japan 1.3 million
Demographics
Age Distribution
3,372,183 under the age of 18
Male: 50.4%
Female: 49.6%
4,280,471 between the ages of 18 and 34
Male: 48.8%
Female: 51.2%
6,642,866 between the ages of 35 and 64
Male: 46.0%
Female: 54.0%
Demographics
Population Clusters of Asian-Americans (percentage of total population)
Honolulu, HI 46%
San Francisco, CA 18.4%
Los Angeles, CA 10.4%
Sacramento, CA 9.0%
Population Clusters of Asian-Americans (largest urban representation)
Los Angeles, CA 1,702,859
New York City 1,441,590
San Francisco, CA 1,295,242
Demographics
Born outside the US: 10,574,508
6,224,199 are US citizens
4,350,309 are in the U.S. on work visa’s, or other similar legal statuses
54.4% of immigrants are female
45.6% are male
Language
75.3% speak a language other than english in their home
24.7% speak only english
Historical Representation
Americanization Timeline
Gold was discovered in California
1000 Asian immigrants entered the US
Asian immigrants spike to 37,000 (mostly Chinese)
1865 Chinese immigrants were recruited to work on the transcontinental railroad
1868 US ratified the Burlingame Treaty which facilitated Chinese immigration
1870 Number of total Asian immigrants jumped to 65,000
Americanization Timeline
Anti-Chinese riots erupted in Chico California
Chinese Exclusion Act was passed (limited Chinese immigration)
Riots break out in Rock Springs, Wyoming
Philippines came under U.S. control
1939 – 1945 WWII Period
during this time 100,000 Japanese Americans were put in internment camps because they were seen as “wartime threats”
Americanization Timeline
McCarran-Walter Act was passed to prevent race from being a barrier against immigration
National quotas ended which allowed more Asian immigration
2.5 million Asian immigrants entered U.S.
Immigration Act of 1990 increased total quota
2009 Number of Asian immigrants reached 10.6 million
Add Chinese Exclusion Act
Internment Camps
U.S. Government perceived Japanese citizens a threat to American society – although many had very little ties to Japan
Roosevelt signed an executive order to relocate all Japanese Americans to concentration camps in 1942
A total of ten (10) camps were built
Quality of life was low in these camp
Japanese Americans were not guaranteed their homes or belongings after the war so they sold mostly everything at a fraction of its value
Mainstream Experiences
Mainstream Orientation
Media Representation
A Google for Asians and produces porn stars, memes of geeky emasculated men, ninja costumes, and stereotypes about children articulating complex math.
I googled “asian” images - only young female porn stars came up
I googled “european” - only maps of europe came up.
I googled “african” a mix of african landscape and animals, along with people came up.
I googled “natives” - historically represented native americans came up.
I google “Arabs” - only men, and political pictures came up.
Of course not everything that you see on the internet is true but when there is only one type of photo coming up for such a broad term then that is a bad sign. The internet is completely intertwined with mainstream orientation and I am very disappointed with how stereotyped the internets representation of “Asian” is.
Stereotypes
“The China Doll” - Submissive, quiet, very sexual. Usually on the arm of a man. Ex. just google “Asian” and it speaks for itself.
“Perfect Minority” - Stellar academics, accumulate wealth, live long healthy lives.
“Dragon Lady” - The uber independant, intense, evil temptress. Ex. Kill Bill
“Foreign Funny” - Memes, end of jokes, this is the guy who gets made fun of for not being americanized. Ex. William from American Idol
“Asian Parents” - Asian Parents are thought of as strict and severe.
For being such a “perfect minority” they sure do get put in a lot of boxes.
Assimilation and Parenting Styles
Traditional Chinese Medicine
A teacher called child protective services in California after seeing a childs back after a parent performed “scraping”
Chinese guan 官 Chao, 1994 & 2001 “to govern/train and love”; Authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles; Directive control and close monitoring of child behaviors; Emphasis on parental “training/education” while building close parent-child relationships
Korean ga-jung-kyo-yuk 가정교육 Choi et al., 2012 - “home education” (family socialization or family processes) - Values: Emphasis on parenting via role-modeling, the centrality of the family, family hierarchy, demonstration of respect for and the use of appropriate etiquette with parents and elders, age veneration, family obligations and ties - Child-rearing practices: Co-sleeping and stern parenting including corporal punishment
Asian Parenting styles is important to note for the way that they integrate and assimilate into the mainstream orientation for several reasons. Firstly, asian parents priorities and expectations are rather different from western parents. There is a lot more emphasis on trained love and respect and sometimes this is interpreted by westerners as harsh. Which is where the stereotype of mean or severe asian parents came from. Also asian parents style of helping or nursing their children is different as well. For example to the traditional Chinese medicine incident mentioned above. The teacher thought that the child was being physically abused and called child protective services but really this is a form of medicine to help draw blood to pressure points and move lymph fluid in order to help heal. These differences in expectations and styles among what is expected at home versus what is expected at school creates tension in the asian youth.
“The Perfect Minority”
Externalizing behaviors
Academic Success, lower crime rates, lower substance abuse, and early/risky sexual behaviors
Higher aggressive offenses than whites
Higher non-aggressive offenses and sub use than blacks
Higher non-aggressive offenses than white girls
Internalizing behaviors
Higher depression and suicidal ideations
Asian Americans account for the most suicides among all U.S. women aged 15 to 24, 2.5 to 3 times higher than that of white women
uchicago.edu
Are all Asians A Perfect Minority?
Simply, No.
Differential achievement levels among ethnic Asian groups, with high achieving groups including Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese
Less achieving groups include Filipino, Cambodian, and Hmong
Similar on internalizing problems both Korean and Filipino reporting high rates of depression.
The Perfect Minority Myth elects to only see the successful groups while disregarding the struggling ethnic groups even though they are of the same ethnicity.
Education Rates
Education Rates
Education & Marital Status
50.5% Bachelor/higher degree
The percentage of Asians, age 25 and older, who have a bachelor's degree or higher level of education.
Asians have the highest proportion of college graduates of any race or ethnic group in the country (compared with 28 percent for all Americans 25 and older).
85.7% High school graduate
The percentage of Asians, age 25 and older, who are high school graduates.
Education & Marital Status
21.2% Asian Americans, age 25 and older, have an advanced degree (e.g., Master's, Ph.D., M.D. or J.D.), compared to a 10% rate for all Americans
Differential Asian educational attainment levels
68 percent of Asian Indians had a bachelor's degree or more education
37 % had a graduate or professional degre
Whereas, Vietnamese-Americans were 24% and 7 %, respectively.
**Eighty-Percentage of Asian Americans living in a household with Internet use -- the highest rate among race and ethnic groups.
A closer look: Different Attitudes
Differential Perceptions on Education – Western Moms & Chinese Immigrant Moms
In a study, most Western mothers (70%) believed that stressing academic success is not good for children and that parents need to foster the idea that learning is fun.
Chinese mothers feel completely different, with 0% of the Chinese moms responding positively to these statements. Rather, they believe that their children should be the best students, and that academic achievement reflects successful parenting.
Marital Status
Asian women are much more likely than Asian men to marry someone of a different race (predominantly white men).
Among newlyweds in 2013, 37% of Asian women married someone who was not Asian, while 16% of Asian men married outside of their race.
Some Reasons Asian Women Intermarry
Exoticism - Sexual attention Asian women receive in the United States.
Visibility and Skin Tone – Receives media attention
Assimilation Desire - Want to blend into American society
Achievement Status – Marriage express the freedom/gain higher social status
Employment Status
Employment Status
Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders have the second highest labor force participation rate (64.9%) and lowest unemployment rate (5.6%)
Of those employed, Asian men post higher rates of employment than Asian women
Overall, there is a higher percentage of unemployed Asian men compared to Asian women
Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders follow the same pattern
Employment Status
Civilian Employment Status
A Closer Look – Financial Status
ASIANS WITH A BACHELOR'S DEGREE WILL EARN $400K LESS OVER THEIR LIFETIME THAN CAUCASIANS
Asian-American men are more likely to ask for a raise, but less likely to actually get one.
Even with a bachelor's degree, Asian-Americans will earn less than their Caucasian counterparts. In fact, according to Forbes, it adds up to a lot: $400k less over the course of a lifetime.
Purchasing Power
Asian American - $770 bllion (2012) , Increase of 567% since 1990
Latino- 1.9 trillion (2012), Increase of 495% since 1990
Total Asian and Latino Population- 16%
The Asian American “Bamboo Ceiling”
ASIAN-AMERICANS ARE NOT MAKING IT TO THE FORTUNE 500
Asian-Americans represent 15-25% of Ivy League enrollment.
Asian-Americans make up less than 2% of Fortune 500 CEOs and corporate officers – Bamboo Ceiling
Asian-Americans comprise about 5% of the U.S. population, but make up only 0.3% of corporate officers
Fewer than 1% of board members and 2% of college presidents.
The Rise of Asian Americans. Pew Research Center . Web Apr 16. http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/06/19/the-rise-of-asian-americans/
Strength in Diversity: The Economic and Political Power of Immigrants, Latinos, and Asians. Web Apr16.http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/just-facts/strength-diversity-economic-and-political-power-immigrants-latinos-and-asians
20 Amazing Stats About Asian-American Achievement . Onlinecollege.org.Web Apr 16. http://www.onlinecollege.org/2011/12/13/20-amazing-stats-about-asian-american-achievement/
50% of employed Asians are working in the professional sector
Unemployment rates for Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders are the highest among AAPI
Median duration of unemployment for AAPI is 20 weeks, second highest after Blacks
Economic Outlook
Economic Outlook
Asian Americans are the highest-income, best-educated and fastest-growing racial group in the U.S
Asian Americans living below poverty: 12.6% (U.S. average living below poverty: 12.4%)
Median household wealth for Asian Americans was $83,500 in 2010
Economic Outlook
Home Ownership
Home ownership are Asians at 53.2%
The national average for persons living in a home is 2.58 persons
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders have larger households with an average of 3.02 and 3.63 persons, respectively— comparatively white households have an average 2.46 persons.
Asians tend to concentrate in urban and coastal areas
Concentrations of Asians outside the suburbs of large metropolitan areas were typically located near colleges and universities.
Poverty Rates
Duality of Asian American – High Income, High Poverty
16.1% of Asian Americans live in poverty as opposed to 10.4% of whites.
Poverty rates among Asian-American seniors is much higher than the national average
Asian Americans experienced the fastest growth rates in poverty, with high poverty growth among native-born Asian Americans
“On the one hand, you have high-skill immigrants and their children who are doing very well in terms of income. At the same time, we also have many others, particularly refugee populations and many Pacific Islander communities, that continue to struggle in terms of poverty.” ------ Karthick Ramakrishnan
Duality of Asian American – High Income, High Poverty
End of Presentation
