1 page response paper about ALEXANDER the Great And Shahnameh
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LECTURE_12_ALEXANDER.pptHIST 223 MEDIEVAL HEROES: EAST AND WEST
ALEXANDER THE GREAT
359 Philip II becomes king
358 Philip defeats Illyrians + Paeonians + Argaeus
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Unites Lower and Upper Macedonia
356 Birth of Alexander
Phocis seizes Delphi = start of Third Sacred War
353 Battle of Crocus Field = Philip becomes Archon of Thessaly
346 End of the Third Sacred War
343 Aristotle becomes Alexander’s tutor
340 Alexander regent in Macedonia and founds Alexandroupolis
338 Battle of Chaeronea
337 Creation of the League of Corinth
336 Advance force to Asia
Murder of Philip
Alexander III becomes king
Accession of Darius III to Persian throne
336/5 Alexander = Archon of Thessaly + Hegemon of the League of Corinth
335 Alexander campaigns in the north and northwest
Destruction of Thebes
334 Alexander crosses to Asia = Battle at the Granicus
Campaigns in western Asia Minor
Siege of Halicarnassus
333 Moves into Phrygia = Gordian Knot
Battle of Issus
332 Sieges of Tyre and Gaza
331 Founding of Alexandria in Egypt
Journey to Siwah
Battle of Megalopolis + Battle of Gaugamela
Occupation of Babylon + Susa + Persepolis
330 Burning of Xerxes’ palace in Persepolis
Dismissal of allied contingents at Ecbatana in Media
Death of Darius III
Revolt of Satibarzanes
Trial and execution of Philotas + Parmenion
Foundation of Alexandria at Caucasus
329 Alexander enters Bactria = surrender of Bessus
Foundation of Alexandria Eschate
Revolt
327 Capture of the Rock of Sogdiana
Alexander marries Roxane
Attempt to introduce proskynesis
Pages conspiracy
Death of Callisthenes
Invasion of India
326 Hyphasis “unpleasantness”
Journey down the Indus
325 Massacre of Mallians
Crossing of the Gedrosian desert
324 Susa marriages
Mutiny at Opis
Exiles’ Decree
323 Alexander arrives in Babylon
Death of Alexander
Emergence of the dual monarchy of Philip III and Alexander IV
Alexander the Great
c. 200-150 BC
from the lower agora, Pergamon,
Archaeological Museum, Istanbul, Turkey
“ The strong, handsome commander with one eye dark as the night and one blue as the sky .” Arrian
Andrea del Verrocchio (?)
Ideal Portrait of Alexander the Great
1480s
Marble, 43 x 33 cm
Private collection
Alexander the Great in a Himation
copy after an original of the late 4th or 3rd century BCE
inscribed with the name of Menas the Sculptor, but probably derived from a bronze by Lysippos
Archaeological Museum, Istanbul, Turkey
Darius and the Persian Court
c.340 B.C
Alexander taming Bucephalus
c. 2nd century BC
Museo archeologico di Firenze
Block from the Wall of the Temple of Athena Polias at Priene
inscribed with Alexander the Great's gift of funds to complete the structure
c. 330 BCE
125 cm high
British Museum, London,
A map showing the route that Alexander the Great took to conquer Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, and Bactria.
A map showing the route that Alexander the Great took to conquer Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, and Bactria.
Giovanni Paolo Panini
Alexander the Great at the Tomb of Achilles
ca. 1718-1719 (Baroque)
The Walters Art Museum
Giovanni Paolo Panini
Alexander the Great Cutting the Gordian Knot
ca. 1718-1719 (Baroque)
The Walters Art Museum
Placido Costanzi, Alexander the Great Founding Alexandria, 1736-1737
The Walters Art Museum
Battle between Alexander the Great and King Darius (Battle of Issos)
late 2nd or ealy 1st century BC, tessera mosaic, 2.7 x 5.1 m
From the House of the Faun, Pompeii.
Probably done after a painting by Philoxenos of Eretria of circa 310 BCE.
Albrect Altdorfer
The Battle of Alexander
1529
Oil tempera on wood
158 x 120 cm
Alte Pinakothek, Munich
Alexander the Great defeating the last Darius, after 100,000 infantry and more than 10,000 cavalrymen had been killed amongst the ranks of the Persians. Whilst King Darius was able to flee with no more than 1,000 horsemen, his mother, wife, and children were taken prisoner.
Alexander Hoard
(small jug with 20 drachma coins with portrait of Alexander the Great)
6th-1st cent. BC, silver and terracotta, Israel Museum, Collections of IDAM
Alexander Hoard
(small jug with 20 drachma coins with portrait of Alexander the Great)
6th-1st cent. BC, silver and terracotta, Israel Museum, Collections of IDAM
Alexander Sarcophagus, oblique view,
late 4th century BC
195 x 318 x 167 cm
thought to have been made for Abdalonymos, King of Sidon
from the Phoenician royal necropolis at Sidon, Lebanon
Archaeological Museum, Istanbul,
Alexander Sarcophagus, oblique view, late 4th century BCE 195 x 318 x 167 cm
thought to have been made for Abdalonymos, King of Sidon
from the Phoenician royal necropolis at Sidon, Lebanon
Archaeological Museum, Istanbul,
Charles Le Brun, Entry of Alexander into Babylon, c. 1664
Oil on canvas, 450 x 707 cm, Musée du Louvre, Paris
Charles Le Brun, Entry of Alexander into Babylon, c. 1664
Oil on canvas, 450 x 707 cm, Musée du Louvre, Paris
Deeds of Alexander the Great
1400-50
Manuscript (Cod. Lat. 161)
National Széchényi Library, Budapest
The Greek Alexander Romance by the author known as Pseudo-Callisthenes
earliest manuscripts date from the third century A.D.
translated into Latin in the fourth century A.D.
translated into several languages during the Middle Ages:
English + German + French + Czech + Romanian + Russian + Hebrew + Arabic of Andalusian Spain
Byzantine Manuscript, 14th century
best known Persian interpreters
Firdawsi (941-1019)
Nizami (1140-1203)
in Turkish
Ahmedî
İskendername (1390)
Matla’-ı Dasitan-ı Zü’l-karneyn İskender-i Rûmî
Iskandar Dhu-l-Qarnayn:
world conqueror + a Muslim prophet + a messianic figure
fantasy over fact
story vs history
storia // history
Contextual layering:
- the time the story takes place (4th century BC)
- period it was composed, written (3rd century AD)
- atemporal mythic-archaic imaginal world
- times of the audience
