Concept Analysis (1,000 words) about Globalisation
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LearningPortfolio5Globalisation.docxSeminar Preparation Week 3: Empire Critical Perspectives on Global Politics
4PIRS008W.2
Learning Portfolio Task 1
Complete the following reading notes for the essential reading,
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Reading Title:
Read Penttinen, E. Globalization, prostitution and sex-trafficking: corporeal politics. Read the introduction only, pp. 1-14.
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Key Words:
Globalisation, sex industry, sex trafficking, prostitution
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Research Question:
How globalisation have affected women in discriminating ways
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Summary of Argument:
Globalization has broken down the soviet boundaries, hence enabling Baltic or Russian women to travel and work overseas. The emergence of globalization introduced commercial erotic culture that Finland has become entangled in the retail sex business. The term eastern girl refers to a woman, a sex worker of a Baltic or Russian origin. The article describes how globalization has created an opportunity for women to engage in sex trafficking. The author begins by describing Russian Estonian women, dancing in an erotic bar, with several finish men seated around her, watching as she dances naked in front of them. Sex trafficking has allowed eastern women to make huge income, which would have been possible for them to make in their homes.
The feminist debate on globalization is centred on various discussion gendering the social, economic and political-ideological analyses of globalization. Thus the feminist tactic of globalization in international relation is therefore categorized in line with feminism and postmodern radicalism. Women significantly contribute to globalization by providing cheap labour in the global manufacturing industry but are only viewed as sex worker. Non-liberal economic restructuring has affected women in discerning ways. The postmodern feminism determines the effects of the globalization process on sex and gender by selecting the natural masculinist prejudice. However, the feminism reproach is comprehensive as it addresses masculinist in the prevailing economic processes in the form of knowledge and power that underline principles and the practises of globalization. Therefore, the article discusses the world-wide sex industry in the framework of globalization.
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Core Argument
Globalization created the possibilities of Baltic women, usually described as eastern girls, to travel and work overseas, which resulted in a new form of liberalization of the commercial sex industry. In the article, the term eastern girl describes a sex worker who engages in immoral work. Globalization has eased the transfer of information to different places, thus increasing the demand for sex workers. These female sex workers willing to satisfy the sexual needs of their male customer. Globalization concretizes prostitution and sex trafficking at a personal level and presents how Globalization functions subjectivizing bio-power. The effects of Globalization on gender are downgrading and the relative disadvantage of women and not how women positively contribute to globalization by providing cheap labour in the manufacturing industry. Worth noting is that the feminist project aims to deconstruct Western masculine-biased information production and give marginalized women a voice and end all forms of women discrimination. Thus Globalization attracts much theoretical attention as it defines the messy, violent conflict of human relations. The global sex industry functions through a multifaceted system of global flows. It operates in association with globalization procedures, hence benefiting, and it accordingly prejudices in a gendered and ethical way.
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Position:
Women have played a significant role in globalization mainly as silent contributors in sweatshops. The production of cheap labour has enabled globalization to occur as female workers have been vital for international corporations to maximize profits. Nonetheless, women exploitation through the production of cheap labour is founded on masculinist prejudice and the institute of patriarchy. Women are often seen to be at a lower level than their male counterparts. Thus they are paid fewer salaries on numerous occasions. Also, women are viewed as attractive workers for global production. An important point to note is that women's contribution in the form of cheap labour is not indicated, an essential part of the discourse is on the many women engaging in prostitution attracting business people, tourists, and international trade. The International Political Economy of Sex has gendered influences of global and national policies and evidently shaping the women’s position and likelihoods of dealing with the economic reformation, therefore establishing sex work as a means to cope with globalization.
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Questions: What are the effects of globalisation on international relations? What is the feminist view of globalisation? What are some of the positive contribution of women to globalisation? How has globalisation affected women in discriminating ways?
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Learning Portfolio Task 2
Read Chapter 17, ‘How is the world organised economically?’ in the textbook, Global Politics: a new introduction.
1) We are now in week 5, and we have learnt various concepts to help us understand global politics: racialization, imperialism, colonialism and globalisation. How does the international sex trade relate to international relations?
IR operates as a colonizing discipline that inhabits carious forms of International relation has taken over the idea of the international" and detached it from individuals' every day and existing experiences. Nevertheless, an international connection has affected the global society and has played a significant role in colonization, economic reformation, growing internationalization, and indebtedness in national economies due to the world bank and International Monetary Fund's imposed strategies. The International Political Economy of Sex has gendered effects of international and state policies. It shapes women's position and potentials to deal with the economic reformation, thus establishing sex work to cope with globalization.
2) What is a gendered division of labour? (bonus question, how does the gendered division of labour relate to the informal economy?)
Gender division of labour is defined as the allocation of different work or jobs to men and women. In the feminist perspective, the institutional norms, rules, and practices dictate task allocation between women and men. In the informal sector, gender division of labour is portrayed by gender inequality where women are primarily involved in lower-quality and low paying jobs than women.
3) Shifts in technology are key to the shape of globalisation. How do shifts in technology shape the international sex trade?
Technology, most specifically the internet, has permitted international sex trade to become the rapid growing business globally and contributes to an astounding profit of approximately a billion annually. Sex traders rely on the internet as the prominent marketing and communication tools in ensuring a steady series of demand and supply. Technology provides the tools that trafficker use. Technology has facilitated the establishment of open and classified marketing platforms, social media platforms, adult websites, chatrooms, hence allowing traffickers to interact with a large number of prospective victims globally.
