Essay revision help

What I struggled with most in myth one was differentiating between the first and the third evidence of refuting. For the second myth, I struggle with differentiating points on laziness and Latino coming to destroy the American economy. If I were given more time, I would work on strengthening my refutation by developing more evidence on the myths. In the third myth, I struggled with identifying the various policies related to different shreds of evidence.

I think the most substantial parts of this submission are the ability to learn, integrate, and even internalize all the knowledge and eventually to put it down on paper as an essay.

A question I have for you is: Have you ever had such myths and misconceptions on the Latino?

Sincerely,

Xi Wang

Please help me to revise the essay with the red comments as well as grammar if you find any. and all the revision need to be done along with “track change” No outside or additional sources need, and you may keep every source has mentioned in this paper.

Introduction

The second myth about Latino is that they came to America to take over the government; they are extremely lazy and that they are dependent on the government support programs. As well, the myth is incorrect because Latino also pay taxes to the government; they often encourage productivity and investment in America. Finally, Latino do not necessarily depend on government support, given that there are strict eligibility requirements that hinder them from using the services.

The final myth is that Latino is unregistered immigrants in America. The myth is refuted by the evidence that there are several policies established to control the arrival of immigrants from different regions, there are policies help register the immigrants, and increasing level of naturalizing Immigrants from Mexico. The paper elaborates on the nine shreds of evidence that refute the three myths, each myth containing three pieces of evidence.

Myth 1

Latino comprises of several sub-groups with different ancestry

Furthermore, the Identity of Latino differs from the region they inhabit. In the United States, Latino are defined in terms of their nationalities or the countries that they originated. For example, in the case of the Midwest and Southwest, Latinos are people who originally came from Mexico. In the eastern part of America, particularly New York and Boston regions, Latino are people who are considered to have limitations of communications with the Dominicans and Puerta Ricans (Meier & Melton, 2012, p.737). In this case, Latinos are defined by their inability to communicate with o people other in the region. In the case of Miami, Cubans, and Central America, Latinos are groups for interpreting Latin America. They are people who live in Latin America.

Latino is made of People with Diverse Cultures

Generally, Latino has different cultures and background as they are immigrants from other nations. It is not easy to classify them as people from a particular region like South America due to the specific culture and practices they uphold altogether. Latino as a group have a rich and diverse history from the indigenous culture, European colonization, African slavery, and global immigration. As a result, it is sophisticated and challenging to describe with a single identifier. Like the case of difference between the southern accent and east coast accent, the subgroups in Latino also have original dialects (Betancur, 2012, p34). For instance, the Spanish spoken by Latino in Chile is hardly recognized by those in Argentina or Peru. Besides, Spanish and Portuguese are not the only languages spoken by Latino. Others use Guarani, Haitian Creole, Quechua, and even Dutch. The difference in the dialect implies that they all have different origins and may also fail to understand each other due to the language barrier.

In the United States, Espitia states that Latino originated from different countries and had different cultures. Culture refers to the learned system of knowledge, beliefs, norms, attitudes, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people. Each of the Latino nations has a unique way in which people tend to think, conduct themselves, and even practice. For that reason, they are tied between practicing their native culture and that of the country they live in. For instance, in the case of Mexican-Americans, they remain loyal to both the Mexican and American cultures (Gutiérrez, 2008, p.257). The desire to uphold their traditions in a foreign country promotes cultural diversity due to the uniqueness of each culture. Latin-Americans do not have universal practices shared amongst them that can be used to distinguish them from the rest of the people. Therefore, it is not possible to identify them from the community.

All Latinos do not have similar cultural Identity

In America, based on the 2010 census, the number of Latinos who identify as whites continues to increase (Cuevas et al., 2016, p2135). In 2010, 53% of the Latino identified as white, while 2.5% were classified as black. In this case, one cannot identify one as a Latino based on their physical appearance. Some Latino people are Caucasians. They can either be white, black, indigenous America, Mestizo, as well as the Asian descents. In this case, Latino from the groups are considered different in their appearance and physical characteristics.

Please help me to come up with a transaction sentence at the beginning of the myth2 so that make the paper as a whole more organized and fluent.

Myth 2

Latino Immigrants pay taxes

Despite the claim of Latino Immigrants hurting the U.S. economy, they significantly take part in the growing of the economy. They buy local products and at the same time, promote job development through business. For instance, immigrants who engage in entrepreneurial activities in Della are quite over-represented. Immigrants own a third of the business operations in the city, thus playing a significant role in developing the economy of the town. They pay taxes like any other citizens, including the property tax, even for those in rental houses (Lima, 2010, p.6). More than half of the undocumented immigrants have government income. They incur deduction in the form of Medicare taxes, and Social security from their paychecks. Annually, immigrants in America contribute a total of $90 to $140 billion as taxes. The government of the United States received approximately $11.64 billion as revenue from undocumented immigrants alone.

In Della, immigrants pay $1.9 billion to the federal government and $ 591.1 million as state taxes (New Americans in Dallas, p.9). Precisely, immigrants do not negatively impact the American Economy. If anything, they make up 25% of the American engineering and technology organizations established in the last decades. 24% of the employees working in science, technology, math, and engineering in Della comprises of Latino immigrants. Companies like Google, which is co-founded by immigrants, play a key role in employing American citizens. New Americans in Dallas (p.9), 20,405 immigrants who are business owners in Dallas. They produce a total of $ 495.9 million as proceeds to the government.

Immigrants increase productivity and stimulate investment

On average, Latino immigrants in America raises the living standards of native people working in the country by raising their wages and lowering the prices. This way, they play an essential role in the development of the economy. Immigrants and natives in America have different levels of education. Nevertheless, their jobs are highly interdependent. The presence of an immigrant worker increases the efficiency of the native workers who are perceived as more competent than immigrants.

Suarez-Orozco (2012, p 5) argues that growth in production results in high income and, subsequently, increased pay. Immigrant workforces arouse new investments and consequently increase the labor demand. Work competition between new immigrants and native worker positively impact the wages of the later. Immigrants are perceived as cheap labor and with a low level of education. As a result, the majority of immigrants accomplishing casual and low-income jobs (Bacon, 2008, p.59). Generally, immigrants and native American employees do not compete for positions at work. Instead, they often balance the work of U.S. employees, thus increasing their efficiency. For instance, the availability of low-skill immigrant workers enables farmers born in the U.S. to enlarge farm-related production hence growing employment opportunities and income for American laborers.

There are strict eligibility restrictions

There is a myth that immigrants dependent on public benefits from the federal government. The myth is untrue because undocumented immigrants are illegible for the benefits program. There were strict regulations that they require to fulfill for them to be legible for the programs, thus making it difficult for them to attain the services efficiently. The requirements are only applicable to the legal immigrants in America (Perea, 1997, p. 24). In this case, Latino immigrants work hard to obtain earning and meet their needs. Among the public programs and assistance that the undocumented immigrants are illegible for unless after documentation include: Supplemental Security Income, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Medicaid, Medicare, Social Security, and food stamps. 

There are only a few instances that undocumented immigrants can be treated as an exception for the requirements and receive the support. For example, one can always receive help if they are victims of trafficking regardless of being undocumented immigrants. Besides, it is not a guarantee for all the legal immigrants to benefit from the support. One needs to have lived in America for at least five years (Suarez-Orozco, 2012, p.16). Immigrants are denied the services besides social security being deducted from those of them who are working in public offices.

Research indicates that fewer immigrant families are using the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program or SNAP as compared to the native living in poverty (Hanson, 2009, P.11). According to Welcoming Dallas Strategic Plan that 12% of children from native families have access to the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) than for immigrants children. 18% of children with native parents use NANF, while only 5% of kids from immigrant parents have access to the same.

From a study, ordinary immigrants acquire products and services at higher prices than average citizens. Essentially, Latino immigrants pay more taxes than the services they receive from the government in the form of education, law enforcement, and healthcare. Greenstone & Looney (2010, p.6) state that from a cost estimate conducted in 2007, the process of legalizing unauthorized immigrants in America increases federal income by $48 billion, while the government would only incur a cost of $23 billion from public services.

Myth 3

Please help me to come up with a transaction sentence at the beginning of the myth3 so that make the paper as a whole more fluent and transaction better and organized.

Then, please help me to come up with the sub-topics based on each evidence I have here, just like what this paper did on the last two myth’s evidences.

Evidence # 1(Terminology of illegal ):

Another evidence to prove that the myth is incorrect is that there is an existence of immigrants in America who entered the country through crossing the border illegally, the use of the term illegal immigrants or aliens is not appropriate or correct to their situation. Cecilia Malmstrom, the European Commissioner for Home Affairs for the E.U. in 2010, explained that the term illegal immigrants do not exist and that people may come to the E.U. and might be required to use irregular ways, but no human being is illegal. Using the word 'illegal' to refer to their situation is inaccurate and harmful (UNHCR). For example, the points below this bullet point, but indented, are related ideas under this sentence's main idea.

This example has to be ending with refuting the myth3(most Mexican are illegal immigrants), for example, why the terminology of illegal has refuted the myth3, be concise and clear instead of just introducing the term.

For example, the term "illegal" is also oppressive, whereby it has been used to define disadvantaged groups at different times throughout history, like the Jewish migrants fleeing the Holocaust, people, and acts in violation of the segregation laws of South Africa (1948-1994), and the United States (1876-1965) (UNHCR). In research by UNHCR, it threatens solidarity and costs lives, labeling the entry and stay of immigrants as 'illegal' often results in the automatic criminalization of anyone who might help them. It undermines social cohesion; the use of 'illegal' encourages suspicion and mistrust of those who simply look 'foreign' or different, often on the basis of their race, ethnic origin, or religion (UNHCR). This statement is harmful because it is dehumanizing; calling immigrants' illegal' deny their innate dignity and human rights, and characterizing immigrants' existence as illegitimate ignores their experiences as workers, women, men, children, families, and the elderly (UNHCR). It prevents fair debate, the criminalizing of irregular immigrants rather than addressing the laws and policies which create irregularity, prevents a truthful, respectful, and informed the debate on immigration (UNHCR). And lastly, it increases social divisions and gives rise to racial profiling, xenophobia, and hate crimes (UNHCR).

Evidence #2(Policy)

Before introducing the policy evidence for the myth, please make the transaction here more fluent, by saying “because of the word ‘illegal’ is not accurate enough or too offensed, there are several policies help to make us believe the undocumented Mexican has decreased…” you can come up whatever sentence you think is better.

There are a number of policies that shows that many migrated people in the United States are registered under various policies and laws provided by the government the United States of American, according to which throughout the time in history we can say that currently most of the Mexican Americans are not illegally present in the United States of American. (Make this sentence shorter and more concise) This evidence shows that there is big decline of illegal immigrants in 1965 and 1986, according to the act of 1986 presented by the government of the United States of American.

(Need a short topic sentence) For example, in 1960s government replaced with global quota system as 20,000 per country, they imposed quotas on Western Hemisphere migration for the first time ever (120,000 total, no country specifics), and opened up immigration opportunities for people from Asia and Africa, but severely restricted migration from Mexico, the Caribbean, and Latin America. Similarly, in 1976 amendments, they imposed 20,000 per year quotas on Western Hemisphere countries and closed a loophole that had allowed undocumented Mexicans with U.S.-born children to legalize their status. In the early 1960s, migration patterns entailed 35,000 annual entries and 200,000 bracero entries per year, and now the entire hemisphere capped to 20,000. It can see that the figure continued to rise, in 1976, when the 20,000 per country quota was imposed, the INS expelled 781,000 Mexicans from the United States. Meanwhile, the total number of apprehensions for all others in the world, combined, remained below 100,000 per year (Massey and Pren, 2012).

For example, Pew Research Center measures utilizing the several new Census Bureau data of the United States accessible, which shows that two-thirds 67 % of legal aliens qualified to ask for citizenship of the United States had demanded and received citizenship by the year 2015. That is the largest percentage after the mid- the 1990s. However, between Mexican legal immigrants qualified to stamp, just 42 % had asked for and received citizenship of the United States by the year 2015, a standard light increased after 2005 and one of the weakest amongst every immigrant group when it occurs to the nation of origin. Being a part of a more comprehensive study of Hispanic aliens covered in late 2015, Pew Research Center proposed green-card holders among Mexican why people who had not but grow adapted citizens of the United States. The several usual ideas focused on lack of time, poor English abilities, or energy, and the price of application the U.S. citizenship. Those seem to be important limitations, as approximately all legal aliens from Mexico stated people would choose to convert U.S. residents eventually. (Gonzalez-Barrera, 2017).

In general, make the whole final paper more concise, fluent and organized. No any big change needed, all the revision should base on what ideas this paper already come up with.

Conclusion

The many myths that define Latino in America have greatly affected the perception of many towards them. Often, Latino is considered homogeneous, have natural existence, and even have characteristics that identify them easily. The myths had been refuted by the fact that Latinos are from different origins, they came to America as foreigners, and that they lack common characteristic that can identify them as an ethnic group. Besides, the Latinos significantly contribute to the American economy through taxation, they participate in job creation, thus not lazy, and they depend on their provision and not government support. The myth that Latino is unregistered immigrants proved incorrect by the policies that are meant to control the inflow of immigrants in America, immigrant policies that help in recognizing and classifying them appropriately, as well as the naturalization of the immigrants The myths tend to portray Latino people negatively, but they are not true.

References

Bacon, D. (2008). Illegal People: How globalization creates migration and criminalizes immigrants. Beacon Press.

Betancur, J. J. (2012). Critical Considerations and New Challenges in Black-Latino Relations. Reinventing Race, Reinventing Racism, 23-42.

Chavez, L. (2013). The Latino threat: Constructing immigrants, citizens, and the nation. Stanford University Press.

Cobas, J. A., Duany, J., & Feagin, J. R. (2015). How the United States racializes Latinos: White hegemony and its consequences. Routledge.

Cuevas, A. G., Dawson, B. A., & Williams, D. R. (2016). Race and skin color in Latino health: An analytic review. American journal of public health, 106(12), 2131-2136.

Flores. J. (2004). The Latino Imaginary: Meanings of Community and Identity

Gonzalez-Barrera, A. (2017). Mexicans Among Least Likely Immigrants to Become American Citizens. Retrieved 20 November 2019, from https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2017/06/29/mexican-lawful-immigrants-among-least-likely-to-become-u-s-citizens/

Greenstone, M. & Looney. A. (2010). Ten Economic Facts about Immigration. The Hamilton Project. Accessed from https://www.hamiltonproject.org/papers/ten_economic_facts_about_immigration

Gutiérrez, D. G. (Ed.). (2004). The Columbia History of Latinos in the United States since 1960. Columbia University Press.

Hanson, G. H. (2009). The economics and policy of illegal immigration in the United States. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.

Holloway. (2008). T.A. A Companion to Latin American History. Holloway, University of California, Davis Waltham, MA: Wiley/Blackwell, 2008.Gutiérrez, D. G. (Ed.). (2004). The Columbia History of Latinos in the United States since 1960. Columbia University Press.

Lima, A. (2010). Transnationalism: A new model of immigrant integration. The Mauricio Gaston Institute, University of Massachusetts, Boston.

Massey, D. S., and Pren, K. A. (2012). Unintended consequences of U.S. immigration policy: explaining the post- 1965 surge from Latin America. Population and development review, 38(1), 1- 29.

Meier, K. J., & Melton, E. K. (2012). Latino Heterogeneity and the Politics of Education: The Role of Context. Social Science Quarterly, 93(3), 732-749.