Las final exam
Pe0512
LatinAmericaintheWorld.pptxLatin America in the World
1800’s to Present Day
1800s
Dominant Actors:
Spain
United Kingdom
United States?
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
“The occasion has been judged proper for asserting, as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, that the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.”
–John Quincey Adams
U.S. Secretary of State
Roosevelt Corollary
Venezuelan Crisis of 1902-1903
Venezuela refused to pay foreign debts
Naval Blockade by the U.K., Germany, and Italy
1904 State of the Union Address
Addition to the Monroe Doctrine
U.S. has the right to exercise military force in Latin American countries to “stabilize” the economic affairs of small states in Central America and the Caribbean.
Justification for Intervention:
Cuba
Nicaragua
Haiti
Dominican Republic
Dollar diplomacy
An addition to the Roosevelt Corollary under President William H. Taft
Goal of Diplomacy = improve financial opportunities and use private capital to further U.S. interests overseas
Interventions used to “safeguard” American financial interests in the region.
Painted the United States as “Imperialists”
The Good Neighbor Policy
President Franklin D. Roosevelt countered the Roosevelt Corollary
Main goal was non-intervention in Latin American Affairs
Secondary goal was new economic opportunities via trade agreements
Tertiary goal was to reassert influence of U.S. in Latin America
Easy to be a good neighbor when you helped shape the region
The Cold War
Binary World Order in the Post-WWII Period
The United States versus the Soviet Union
Capitalism versus Communism
Battle for Influence Led to Proxy Wars in the Region
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
Nicaraguan Revolution (1979)
Salvadoran Civil War (1980)
The Alliance for Progress
Introduced by John F. Kennedy in 1961
Proposed $80 billion over 10 years
Land Reform and Literacy Programs
Establishment of “democratic governments”
Economic Stability
Poverty = Communism then Eliminate Poverty = Eliminate Communism
Problem #1: Not all Communists are Equal
Problem #2: Security > Democracy
Bush 41
Third Wave of Democracy
Operation Just Cause – 1989-1990
Invasion of Panama to oust Manuel Noriega
Drug Trafficking and Security Matter
Clinton
Unitary World Power
Operation Uphold Democracy
Successful reinstatement of Jean-Bertrand Aristide in Haiti
Plan Colombia
Bush 43
Prospects for increased US-Latin American Relations
Then… 9/11 Happened
Focus shifted to Middle East allowing for the rise of China in the region
Obama
Partnerships not Americas Backyard
“End of the Monroe Doctrine.” – John Kerry
Cuban Thaw – December 2014
Trump
“Troika of Tyranny”
Cuba
Venezuela
Nicaragua
Migration
Primary Focus: 3rd Country Agreements
Return of the Monroe Doctrine
Get out of our hemisphere, China!
ThE Rise of the Dragon
9/11 put the United States’ focus on the Middle East
Major Goals
Need Gas
Need Food
Need Taiwan
Helped Latin America “survive” Financial Crisis
Taiwan
Great Recession in latin America
The Return of Russia
Coincided with the rise of Vladimir Putin
Goals:
Project Global Reach
Poke the U.S. in the eye
Long Term Strategic Gains
Means:
Information Operations
Divide and Conquer
