Heart Online

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Laboratory UNIT 1 – Circulatory System

Part 2: THE HEART The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, blood, and lymphatic vessels. This series of three labs will assist in your understanding of the anatomy and physiology of each part. The circulatory system has major roles in the body:

Transport Wastes: Transporting waste products from the tissues of the body to the kidneys.

Transport Respiratory Gases:

Carrying oxygen from the respiratory surfaces to tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the respiratory organs.

Transport Nutrients: Conveying nutrients from the alimentary canal to the tissues.

Protection: The blood contains cellular components and chemical components that protect the body via the immune response, the inflammatory response, and the clotting process.

The heart is a pump with four chambers and valves that maintain a one-way flow of blood. The wall of the heart includes: (1) cardiac musculature for contraction to propel the blood out of each chamber and into the major vessels, (2) a fibrous skeleton for attachment of the valves and (3) an internal conducting system for synchronization of muscle contraction.

Functionally, the heart may be considered to consist of two separate pumps, made up of the right and left halves. The left half receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body tissues. The deoxygenated blood returning from the tissues of the body passes through the right half of the heart, which pumps it out to the lungs. Each half of the heart consists of an atrium which receives the blood and a thick-walled, muscular ventricle that pumps it out, hence a four chambered heart.

A. Objectives 1. Examine and draw the microscopic anatomy of cardiac muscle tissue.

2. Identify specific structures of the gross anatomy of the heart on images. 3. Trace blood flow through the structures of the heart.

B. Histology of Cardiac Muscle 1. Examine and draw sections of heart muscle. Label the following on your drawings:

• Branched cardiocytes • Striations

• Intercalated discs • Nucleus

C. Gross Anatomy of the Heart

1. Read and work through the exercises on pp. 217-223 in the Visual Guide to become familiar with the anatomy of the heart.

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C. Using the images of the heart in Canvas, be able to identify the following structures and identify functions if applicable

Base & apex of the heart Anterior interventricular sulci & Posterior interventricular sulci Atrioventricular sulcus (coronary sulcus) Pericardium  visceral pericardium (epicardium)  parietal pericardium

pericardial cavity myocardium endocardium Chambers  right and left atria  right and left ventricles

interatrial septum interventricular septum Coronary Circulation  right and left coronary arteries  circumflex artery  anterior interventricular artery  posterior interventricular artery  marginal artery  coronary sinus  great cardiac vein  middle cardiac vein

Heart Valves  right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid)  left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid)  pulmonary semilunar valve  aortic semilunar valve

chordae tendineae papillary muscles Great Vessels  superior vena cava  inferior vena cava  ascending aorta  aortic arch  descending aorta  pulmonary trunk  pulmonary arteries  pulmonary veins

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NAME: _____________________________ ANSWER SHEET - HEART LAB PART C: Use your course resources to trace blood flow through the heart You are a RBC. Right now, you are sitting in the right atrium of the heart. The heart contracts and you begin to flow. List all the structures of the heart through which you will flow – in order – on your way back to the right atrium. Type the names of the structures into the textbox below. 1. _Right Atrium_______________________

2. __________________________________

3. __________________________________

4. __________________________________

5. __________________________________

6. __________________________________

7. The lungs________________________

8. __________________________________

9. __________________________________

10. _________________________________

11. _________________________________

12. _________________________________

13. _________________________________

14. _________________________________

15. _________________________________

16.To the body________________________

17. _________________________________

18. _________________________________

PART B: CARDIAC MUSCLE HISTOLOGY

Cardiac Muscle Power: 40x

Use your course resources to identify the features of cardiac muscle. Type into the textboxes to label the following structures onto the image of cardiac muscle to the left. 1. cardiocytes 2. striations 3. nucleus 4. intercalated disc

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