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Lab 7: Assessment of Anaerobic Fitness

Name: Kholoud abou arida Date:

We all possess the capacity for aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism. The capacity for each form of energy production varies considerably among individuals. The contribution of anaerobic and aerobic energetic mechanisms depends largely on exercise intensity and duration. The immediate (ATP/PCr) and short-term (anaerobic glycolysis) energy systems mainly power all-out exercise for up to 2 minutes in duration. Both systems operate anaerobically because their transfers of chemical energy do not require oxygen. Continuation of exercise, although at a lower intensity, places a progressively greater demand on aerobic metabolic pathways (oxidative metabolism) for ATP resynthesis. Some activities rely predominantly on a single system of energy production, whereas most activities require activation of more than one energy system.

Anaerobic Fitness

When performing higher intensity but shorter duration exercise, the demand placed on anaerobic energy production increases substantially. Anaerobic ATP production is crucial during a 400-m run or 100-m swim, or in multiple sprint sports. The assessment of anaerobic fitness is an important part of the overall assessment of physical capacity for athletes. It is well known that the ability to achieve high power outputs is a primary contributor to the ability to be successful in sporting activities. Power can be defined as the rate of performing work (Power = Force x Distance/Time) whereas anaerobic power is the rate of performing work under conditions in which anaerobic metabolism is the primary energy source. Tests of anaerobic power generally evaluate activities in which the primary energy supplier is the ATP/PCr system, whereas tests of anaerobic capacity examine activities in which the primary energy supplier is the glycolytic system. Typically, anaerobic power tests last less than 10 seconds, while anaerobic capacity tests last about 30 seconds to 2 minutes. The standing long jump and the 10-second Wingate Anaerobic Test can be used to evaluate explosive anaerobic power, while the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test can be used to evaluate anaerobic capacity. When evaluating the anaerobic capacity tests, you can calculate peak power, mean power, and/or fatigue index. Peak power (anaerobic power) is the highest power output attained during the test, while mean power is an average power over the duration of the test. Mean power is often referred to as anaerobic capacity or power endurance. The fatigue index is the degree of power drop-off during the test.

Procedures

Standing Long Jump Test

1. Stand behind marked line with feet shoulder width apart.

2. Jump forward as far as possible while taking off and landing on two feet.

3. Partner will mark on tape where the back of the heels land.

4. A measurement will be taken from the start line to the landing spot.

5. Complete three jumps and record measurements in feet and inches on Data Table 4.0.

6. Rank best attempt according to the chart below.

Data Table 4.0 Standing Long Jump Test
Attempt:	Standing long jump distance (feet, inches)
1- 5.5	Feet, inches
2- 5.9	Feet, inches
3- 5.10	Feet, inches
Rank (best attempt)

Vertical Jump Test

1. Stand below Vertec with feet shoulder width apart.

2. Raise hand above head, keep feet flat on the floor – Vertec will be lowered to fingertips.

3. Using a countermovement jump, jump as high as possible and hit the vanes of the Vertec, and then land in the same spot.

4. Complete three jumps and record measurements in inches on Data Table 4.1.

5. Rank best attempt according to the chart below.

Data Table 4.1 Vertical Jump Test
Attempt:	Vertical jump height (inches)
1- 15.5	inches
2- 17	inches
3- 19	inches
Rank (best attempt)

Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT)

1. Measure and record weight in kilograms on Data Table 4.2.

2. Calculate and record the resistance load to be used (7.5% of body weight).

a. Test weight (kg) = body weight in kg * 0.075

3. Warm up by riding the cycle ergometer for at least 5 minutes at a rating of perceived exertion between 3 (Moderate) and 5 (Hard). During the warm-up, intersperse several short but intense accelerations for 4-8 seconds. After warming-up, rest for at least 2 minutes but not more than 5 minutes before starting the test.

4. On cue, the subject should pedal as fast as possible. At the same time, a partner will drop the calculated resistance within 2-4 seconds. Continue to pedal as fast as possible.

5. Record peak power (watts), lowest power (watts), and mean power (watts) on Data Table 4.2.

6. Cool-down against a light resistance for at least 2-3 minutes.

7. Calculate the following variables and record.

a. Relative peak power output (watts/kg; peak power relative to body weight)

RPP = peak power (watts)/body weight (kg)

b. Relative mean power output (watts/kg; mean power relative to body weight) RMP = mean power (watts)/body weight (kg)

c. Fatigue index (% drop in power from lowest to highest power) FI = ((peak power – lowest power)/peak power) * 100

Data Table 4.2 WAnT
Subject Weight: 79 kg Subject Sex: Female	Test weight: kg 5.925
Peak Power (PP): 7.34 Watts	Relative Peak Power (RPP): Watts/kg
Mean Power (MP): 6.3 Watts	Relative Mean Power (RMP): Watts/kg
Lowest Power: 4.10 Watts	Fatigue Index: %
Percentile Rank PP:	Percentile Rank RPP:
Percentile Rank MP:	Percentile Rank RMP:

Source: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sports, 60 (2), 1989.

Percentile Norms of Mean Power and Relative Mean Power for Wingate Anaerobic Test

Males Females

Percentile Rank

MP (Watts)

RMP (W·kg-1)

MP (Watts)

RMP (W·kg-1)

676.6

8.63

483.0

7.52

661.8

8.24

469.0

7.31

630.5

8.09

437.0

7.08

617.9

8.01

419.4

6.95

604.3

7.96

413.5

6.93

600.0

7.91

409.7

6.77

591.7

7.70

402.2

6.65

576.8

7.59

391.4

6.59

574.5

7.46

386.0

6.51

564.6

7.44

381.1

6.39

552.8

7.26

376.9

6.20

547.6

7.14

366.9

6.15

534.6

7.08

360.5

6.13

529.7

7.00

353.2

6.03

520.6

6.79

346.8

5.94

496.1

6.59

336.5

5.71

484.6

6.39

320.3

5.56

470.9

5.98

306.1

5.25

453.2

5.56

286.5

5.07

Average

562.7

7.28

380.8

6.35

Minimum

441.3

4.63

235.4

4.53

Maximum

711.0

9.07

528.6

8.11

Source: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sports, 60 (2), 1989.

Lab Questions

1. Use the provided Excel spreadsheet to calculate the following variables:

a. Relative peak power (RPP; watts/kg), relative mean power (RMP; watts/kg), and fatigue index (FI; %) for the WAnT for each subject.

b. Correlation between measured peak power from WAnT and the following assessments:

i. Standing long jump test (in)

ii. Vertical jump test (in)

c. Means and standard deviations for Age, Weight, Standing long jump distance (in), Vertical jump height distance (in), Peak power (watts), RPP (watts/kg), Mean power (watts), RMP (watts/kg), Fatigue index (%),

2. What sports would benefit from a high peak anaerobic power?

3. What would a low Fatigue Index indicate?

4. Why is important to evaluate the different aspects of fitness? How can these tests be useful for the general population and for athletes?