Computer Concepts

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Operating Systems 1. What is an Operating System? (OS)

A. Software that supports a computer’s basic functions 2. What are the basic functions of an operating system?

A. Booting a computer B. Managing Devices C. Provides an interface for user, applications & hardware

i. Command Line ii. GUI – Graphical User Interface (pronounced “gooey”)

D. Handles system resources i. Memory ii. Sharing of CPU

E. File Management i. Organizes and tracks files and directories

3. Importance of an operating system A. Everything that occurs on a computer goes through the operating system

4. Pictorial view of some Interfaces of an Operating System

User

Application Software

Operating System Mouse

Hard Drive

CPU Keyboard

Printer

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5. Communicating with peripheral devices A. Such as the mouse, keyboard, printer B. This is done with interface programs called device drivers

i. Problems occur with this interaction because of outdated drivers ii. The drivers often come with the devices or come preinstalled with the OS

6. An operating system is just a program A. Written in a programming language

i. Typically C & C++ B. Two parts to this program

i. Kernel 1) Core Program

A) Loads first & remains in memory ii. Modules

1) System Components A) The user interface

7. Microsoft Windows A. Most commonly used OS

8. MAC OS A. Macintosh operating system (Apple)

9. Types of OS A. GUI

i. Windows X ii. Mac OS X

B. Multi-user i. Linux ii. Unix

C. Multitasking/ Multithreading i. Linux ii. Unix

10. Types of user interface A. Command-line interface

i. Most users are not very familiar with this type of interface B. Graphical user interface (GUI)

i. Most users are comfortable with this as Windows X and Mac OS X use this type of interface 1) Icons

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11. Managing Disk Files A. The OS has a filing structure

i. Folders & Files B. Folders

i. These are organized in a tree like structure ii. A screen shot of folders & files in Windows 7

1) In Documents, there is a folder named CST119 2) In the CST119 folder, there are several more folders:

A) For example: Lab 1, Lab 2 3) In the CST119 folder, there are two files listed:

A) For example: CST119Y01NumberAssigned i) There is both a pdf and xlsx

4) The tree structure would be:

Libraries

Documents

CST 119

Lab1 Lab2 Lab3 Lab4 Lab5 Mod4 Student

CST119Y01NumberAssigned CST119Y01NumberAssigned

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12. Comparison of DOS and Linux Commands DOS Command DOS Example Linux

Command Linux Example Action

cd cd CST119Y01 cd cd CST119Y01 (It is case sensitive)

Change directory if it is exist in the directory you are currently in

chdir pwd Display directory location

cls clear Clear screen copy copy file8.txt

file13.txt

cp cp test2.txt test3.txt

Copy a file. Syntax is copy from to File to copy and copied file are in the same folder

del or erase del file13.txt

rm rm file13.txt Remove a file (deletes this file in the current folder)

dir dir ls ls List current directory contents

find or findstr

find “world” test*.* grep grep “world” test*.* Look for a word in files given in command line

help help copy man man copy Online help manuals hostname hostname Print host name of

computer ipconfig /all ifconfig Display/configure network

device md or mkdir md CST119Files mkdir mkdir CST119Files Make a new directory in

the current directory (It is case sensitive)

move move test4.txt mv mv test4.txt Data1/test8.txt

Move a file

ping ping bing.com ping ping 192.168.1.1 Send packets to a network host

rd or rmdir rd CST119Files

rmdir rmdir CST119Y01 Remove a directory (This will remove the folder if it exists in the current directory)

ren ren file8.txt file8A.txt

mv mv test7.txt test9.txt

Rename a file or folder in the current directory

tracert tracert bing.com traceroute Traceroute bing.com Show routes and router hops to given network destination

tree tree List directory recursively

type type test5.txt cat cat test5.txt Display the contents of a file

ver uname –sr Display the name and version of the OS kernel

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13. Additional commands & usage of some commands A. cd

i. Change directory ii. To move up one level, type cd.. iii. This works in both DOS & Linux

B. Specifying a path

i. For any command, you can specify the entire path from whatever directory you are in ii. For example: copy in DOS

Copy File1.txt C:\Users\CSTProf\Documents\BCC\CST119\Notes\Mod10\OSPractice\Mod1\PartB\File1A.txt

iii. This will make a copy of the file, File1.txt from the current directory, to the directory, …PartB with a name of File1A.txt 1) Notice that to use this the ENTIRE path must be specified for the location of the copied file

C. Wildcards

i. Used to select files with similar names or extensions ii. * is used for any number of characters

1) For example in DOS: dir File1.* A) This will list all files in the current directory where the file name is File1 and the file has any

extension i) So for example, these files might be listed:

File1.txt File1.docx File1.jpg File1.pdf

D. Editing or creating files in Linux

i. At the command prompt in the directory where the file is or where you want to create a new file, type: vi test8A.txt 1) REMEMBER that Linux is case sensitive, if you want to edit a file, you must type the name EXACTLY as

listed 2) If the file exists, it will open and you can edit it 3) If this is a new file, an empty file will open

ii. You can now add text to the file iii. When done, type the escape key followed by :wq

1) The escape key will return you to command mod