mud drilling
Moh-993
KOCpresentationmohd..pptxKuwait University College of Petroleum and Engineering Petroleum Engineering Department Kuwait Oil Company (K.O.C) Industrial Training (PE-450)
Drilling Fluids
| Presented By: | IDs: | Supervised By: |
| Mohamed AlRashed | 2141112730 | Dr. Salah AlMudhi |
| Ali Hussain | 2141118642 | Eng. Fadhel AlQallaf |
| Dhari AlFouderi | 2151119400 |
Fall 2019/2020
Drilling Engineering Group
Outline
Introduction
Drilling Fluids Classification
Rheological Properties
Field Tests
Primary Functions of Drilling Fluids
Secondary Functions of Drilling Fluids
Introduction
Drilling Fluids is a mixture of water, clay, weighing material and a few chemicals that are used to raise the cuttings made by the bit and lift them to the surface for disposal.
Functions: There are two types of drilling fluids functions which include: -
Primary Functions
Secondary Functions
Primary Functions
A drilling fluid’s primary functions require constant observation and modifications as determined by the drilling fluid specialist
Daily mud reports are issued every day a rig is drilled
Based on that report, the specialist makes the necessary adjustments to operate efficiently
Primary Functions (Cont.)
Primary Functions include :
Carry cuttings from beneath the bit, transport them up the annulus, and permit their separation at the surface
Suspend solids , specifically suspend high specific gravity weight materials
Maintain the stability of uncased sections of the borehole
Secondary Functions
Functions that are not constantly being monitored or constantly modified are the secondary functions
Secondary Functions include:
Reducing friction between the drilling string and the sides of the hole
Cooling and cleaning the bit
Drilling Fluids Classification
There are two different types of drilling fluids:
1 ) Water based mud
Brine Water
Spud mud
KCL polymer
2) Oil based mud
Water based mud: Brine water
Brine based drilling fluids have become one of the most widely utilized systems due to their ability to protect the formation while drilling.
There are three different types of brine water based muds depending on the type of salt:
KCL Brine
NaCl Brine
CaCl2 Brine
Water Based Mud: spud mud
Spud mud is mainly used in drilling surface section
Consists of treated water and bentonite (Hydrate Clay)
Advantages
Less Expensive
High Carrying Capacity in Large Hole
Disadvantages
No Inhibition, easily contaminated with solids
Can’t be used in high salinity water
Water Based Mud: KCL polymer
Low Concentration
Low Density
Easy with drilling harder formation
Oil Based Mud
Consists of Diesel and Water with a definite Ratio
Additives Include: -
Oil
Brine water
Emulsifiers
Fluid loss additives
Applications Include: -
Deep holes
Reactive shale zones
Directional wells
Rheological Properties
Plastic Viscosity : -
It is the resistance of the fluid to flow. due to the mechanical friction between solids and fluid layer
Effected by: -
Solids (size distribution, shape and concentration)
Fluid phase viscosity.
High shear.
Rheological Properties (Cont.)
Gel Strength: -
It is the attraction between solids under static conditions.
Effected by: -
Rheological Properties
Shear rate : Low Shear rate - causes settling of barite and cuttings build up.
High Shear rate - causes pressure surges or swabbing.
Rheological Properties (Contd.)
Yield Point : -
The attractive force formed from +ve and –ve charges on the particles of the drilling mud in dynamic state
Rheological Properties (Cont.)
pH : -
The degree of alkalinity or acidity of a solution.
Typical Range from 8.5 to 12.5
High pH may inhibit the yield of clays and cause the dysfunction of polymers
Field Tests on Drilling Fluids Properties
Density or mud weight: Report in in (lb./gal) by the Mud Balance
Viscosity: Reported in (sec/quart) by Marsh Funnel
Fig.1 : Mud Balance
Fig.2 : Marsh Funnel
Field Tests on Drilling Fluids Properties (Cont.)
Fluid loss: Reported in (cc) at the end of thirty minutes, measures and records cake thickness (mud cake).
pH: Measured with pH strips or pH meter
Fig.3 : pH strips
Fig.4 : pH meter
Fig.5 : API filter press
Field Tests on Drilling Fluids Properties (Cont.)
Retort: Determine the liquid and solid content of a drilling fluid. (percent by volume)
Fig.6 : Retort Kit
Thank you for Listening Any Questions ?
