CJA1

drug o�enders and their therapy, which may be included in the agency’s policy manual, may actually encourage additional drug use in one person while discouraging it in another, since people are very di�erent when it comes to behavior changes. Consequently, probation, parole o�‐ cers, and treatment providers must have the ability to choose from numerous alternatives, to weigh the costs and bene�ts of each against the client’s unique situation, and to make the decision on which alternative the client will bene�t from the most. In probation and parole of‐ �ces and treatment programs, the administration uses a hands-o� approach as long as the employees are meeting the overall goals of the organization. (It should again be noted that the size of the organization will make a di�er‐ ence, so the ability to generalize structure is limited.) The means used to achieve the goals are less important than the end result of rehabilitation in most probation, parole, and treatment agencies. Probation and parole are dis‐ cussed in Chapter 11.

As noted in Figure 1.3, corrections is the end result of the criminal justice system. Corrections is another area where individuals may have some experiences (in driving past a prison, knowing someone who was jailed, hearing descriptions of the experiences of jailed celebrities, or watching a prison drama on television) but may not have experienced �rsthand the spectrum of correctional alter‐ natives. Thinking of corrections, one tends to think of

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