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p p g y agency primarily responsible for two tasks. First, the po‐ lice enforce the law by responding to calls regarding law violations, arrest persons they witness or suspect to be violating the law, and make tra�c or other types of stops. They rely heavily on state statutes and constitutional re‐ quirements in performing these tasks. In this role, the police are essentially gatekeepers to the criminal justice system by determining who will be arrested and brought into the system and who will be warned, let go, or other‐ wise ignored by the system (McCamey & Cox, 2008). Second, the police are responsible for providing services. Actual enforcement of the law is a minimal part of the police department’s daily responsibilities. Using negotia‐ tion skills and mediation abilities in situations where there are disputes between parties, providing �rst aid, checking security alarms on buildings, investigating acci‐ dents, transporting prisoners, providing information, �ngerprinting, making public speeches, handling calls about animals, and other service-related tasks are com‐ mon occurrences in a police o�cer’s day (McCamey & Cox, 2008). Strict policies and procedures are followed by the police in carrying out both law enforcement and ser‐ vice-related duties. Police departments typically operate in a centralized manner so that quick responses can oc‐ cur when calls for assistance are made to the organiza‐ tion. In both enforcement and service-related circum‐ stances, the police are largely a reactive organization that d d bli i i i i45% of sample

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