CJA1

to meet the �scal needs of the organization (McNamara, 2007). Funds may be garnered from grants, individuals, foundations, and for-pro�t corporations. Grants are likely considered one of the largest fundraising initia‐ tives in the criminal justice system (alongside forfei‐ tures). They are given by governmental agencies (federal or state governments), foundations, and corporations to operate a speci�c program or initiative. Grant monies are provided up front and require an audit at the end of the grant period showing success or failure at completing the goals identi�ed in the grant application. Individual dona‐ tions may come from members of the organization or its constituents (wealthy community members, for exam‐ ple). They are usually small, onetime contributions of money or other assets, such as buildings or land (McNamara, 2007). Foundations and for-pro�t corpora‐ tions may also choose to give onetime start-up costs to nonpro�t organizations on issues they identify as wor‐ thy. Microsoft founder Bill Gates and his wife, for exam‐ ple, give charitable donations each year to nonpro�t orga‐ nizations that focus on children’s health, AIDS and HIV, and medical and other health issues.

Nonpro�ts rely heavily on sta� and volunteers. The sta� are hired and paid by the nonpro�t. They report to the administration and work directly with the clients. Since the agency is not generating pro�ts to pay for large num‐ bers of employees, volunteers are commonly used to as‐

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