CJAS2

(Wren, 1994). Specialization and division of labor bring e�ciency by focusing on understanding the law and mastering the technicalities of work. Specialization al‐ lows workers to develop greater expertise, thus enabling them to perform the work more e�ciently. Fayol also fa‐ vors centralization of power and authority at upper levels of the organization.

Furthermore, Fayol (1949) proposes subordination of in‐ dividual interests to the goals of the organization. Such centralized authority is observed in policing and correc‐ tions. Most decisions are vested in the hands of the ad‐ ministration and are delivered from the top down. Work is often designed and assigned to criminal justice o�cers with e�ciency and productivity in mind. Authority re‐ sides with the supervisors to enable them to give orders and get the work done. There is strict discipline, making it essential that members of the criminal justice system respect the rules that govern it. There is unity of com‐ mand, unity of direction, and adherence to the uninter‐ rupted chain of authority in law enforcement, correc‐ tions, and security agencies. There is also emphasis placed on equipment being well maintained and put in the right place to be available at the right time, since nu‐ merous situations that arise in criminal justice require very fast response times.

Mismanagement of Fayol’s organizational elements can lead to breakdown and disorganization (Dias & Vaughn67% of sample

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