CJA1

mal organizational structure. In probation, the line sta� or probation o�cers working directly with the clients in the �eld have more autonomy and input into the decision making of the organization than do those in formalized organizations. They are able to interpret policy; ask man‐ agers questions directly; and answer questions asked by o�enders, family members of o�enders, service providers, the judge, and so on, with little or no manage‐ rial input. Figure 1.2 demonstrates an organizational chart in a medium-sized probation department. Notice the �at horizontal structure compared to the vertical structure of the police department in Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.2 Organizational Chart of Medium-Sized Probation Department

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