CJA1

ized. Formal organizations are bureaucratic and have clearly de�ned rules, procedures, and policies. Those at the higher levels of the chain have the authority and power to issue commands to those at the lower level. Police departments use formal chains of command, with street o�cers reporting to sergeants, who report to lieu‐ tenants, who report to assistant chiefs, who report to the chief of police; there may even be levels in between these. Skipping a level in the chain of command may result in formal reprimands and is highly frowned upon by co‐ workers and supervisors. In a formal chain of command, information will travel from the chief of police, to the as‐ sistant chiefs, to the commanders and sergeants, and �‐ nally to the street-level o�cers. Questions or comments regarding the information will travel up the chain of command in a similar fashion. By looking at Figure 1.1, we can see a sample of the formal structure typical of a police department. The patrol o�cers report to the shift sergeants, who report to the commanders in each squad. Each area of specialty has a de�ned chain of command within the overall chain of command or formal structure of the organization.

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Administration and Management in Criminal Justice: A Service…

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