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Chapter 24

Music in America:

Pop Music Forms

Rock and Roll

Early Popular Forms

  • 12 Bar Blues- AAB
  • Tin Pan Alley & “Show Tunes”
  • Ex. I’ve Got Rhythm- 32 bars AABA

Early Masters of Song

  • Irving Berlin- Blue Skies, God Bless America, There’s No Business Like Show Business
  • Jerome Kern- Can’t Help Lovin Dat Man, Ol’ Man River, The Way You Look Tonight
  • Cole Porter- Anything Goes, Night and Day, It’s De-Lovely
  • George Gershwin- I’ve Got Rhythm, Summertime, Love is Here to Stay, Let’s Call the Whole Thing Off
  • many others

“Great American Songbook” Performers

“Crooners”

  • Bing Crosby
  • Frank Sinatra

“Song and Dance” men:

  • Gene Kelly
  • Fred Astaire

Pop Song Forms-Starting with Rock & Roll

  • Chorus
  • Verse 1
  • Chorus
  • Verse 2
  • Chorus
  • Bridge/solo
  • Verse 3
  • Chorus
  • Intro
  • Verse 1
  • Chorus
  • Verse 2
  • Chorus
  • Bridge/solo
  • Chorus

Pop Form Examples

  • Blue Suede Shoes- Elvis Presley
  • Can’t Buy Me Love- The Beatles
  • Livin’ On a Prayer- Bon Jovi

First Sound Recorders

  • Phonograph (late 1800s)
  • Horn transfers sounds to a wax cylinder

Early Rock’n’Roll

  • Mix of African American and white American styles after WWII
  • Country music
  • White rural style, acoustic instruments
  • Derived from southern folk songs
  • Rhythm and blues
  • Black urban update of earlier blues
  • Driving rhythms and electric guitar
  • Emphasis on the “back beat” (2 & 4)
  • Still has a slight “swing” feel

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Elvis Presley

  • Lyrical style of white popular singers
  • Vocal delivery of rockabilly
  • Many hits were covers of songs by black artists
  • First marketed rock star
  • Jailhouse Rock

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Rock Instrumentation

  • Standard becomes combination of
  • Electric Guitar
  • Electric Bass Guitar
  • Drumset
  • Certain bands/styles can include a keyboard instrument or horns

The British Invasion

  • Feb. 7, 1964, Beatles’ first U.S. tour
  • Beatles explored many approaches
  • Pop/rock, ballads, psychedelic rock, blues-derived rock
  • Rolling Stones
  • Blues-oriented, hard-rocking style
  • Popularity of British groups chased Americans off the charts

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The Beatles

  • Started with pop rock sound
  • Introduced innovative sounds and fusion of styles
  • Later embraced aspects of hippie culture
  • Influenced their peers and continue to influence modern artists

Beatles Hits

  • Help!
  • Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band
  • Hey Jude
  • Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds
  • With Love from Me to You

American Counteroffensive

  • Less polished sound than Beatles
  • Folk Rock
  • Singer-songwriters, acoustic guitars
  • Acid Rock
  • Came from 60s counterculture
  • Long jazz-like improvisations
  • Electric guitar virtuosos

Jimi Hendrix

  • African American guitar virtuoso
  • Left handed player
  • Many consider him the greatest rock guitar player of all time
  • Hits- All Along the Watchtower, Foxy Lady, Manic Depression
  • Died at 27- drug overdose

70s British Rock

  • Heavier sound, some influenced by American blues style
  • Led Zeppelin
  • The Who- rock opera Tommy
  • 1969 double album, movie in 1975
  • Two Acts, multiple Scenes

Tommy- Pinball Wizard

  • Act 1, Scene 12, takes place in 1958
  • 17 year old Tommy’s pinball skills have made him a local celebrity
  • Movie creates a dream-like scenario, indicative of psychedelic imagery
  • Poorly acted movies of the 70s starring the musicians foreshadows the rise of the music video

Led Zeppelin

  • Heavier, blues influenced sound
  • Jimmy Page (guitar), John Bonham (drums) are rock royalty on respective instruments
  • Hits- Stairway to Heaven, Immigrant Song

Heavy Metal

  • British groups helped pioneer darker, heavier style
  • Black Sabbath, Iron Maiden, Metallica, Megadeth
  • Loud guitars using “distortion” effects with amplifiers
  • Sub-genres- Speed, Black, Death, Thrash, and Hair metal

Heavy Metal Examples

  • Black Sabbath- Iron Man
  • Iron Maiden- Run to the Hills
  • Metallica- Enter Sandman

1990s Grunge

  • Originated in Seattle, WA rock scene
  • Rejection of hair metal
  • Some influence from Punk rock
  • Themes of angst, not partying
  • Founding groups: Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains

90s Grunge Hits

  • Nirvana- Smells Like Teen Spirit, Come as You Are
  • Pearl Jam- Evenflow, Jeremy
  • Soundgarden- Blackhole Sun, My Wave, Spoonman
  • Alice in Chains- Man in the Box, Rooster

Nu metal-Rap Metal

  • Late 90s, early 2000s
  • Mixed heavy rock/metal sounds with hip hop influences
  • Rage Against the Machine, Korn, Deftones, Limp Bizkit
  • Many bands altered song formats
  • Removed typical guitar solo

Nu metal- Rap Metal Examples

  • Korn- Blind, Did My Time
  • Rage Against the Machine- Bulls on Parade
  • Some groups, like Korn did variations on typical forms, removing guitar solos. RATM kept solos, experimenting with distortion effects

Rock in the New Millenium

  • Re-incorporation of earlier pop styles
  • Similar sounds to pop rock from the 1980s
  • Other influences such as folk music of the 60s and 70s

New Pop Rock copying 80s sounds

  • M83- Midnight City (2011) and Depeche Mode- Enjoy the Silence (1990)
  • Walk the Moon- Shut Up and Dance (2014) and Genesis- Invisible Touch (1986)
  • Mark Ronson- Uptown Funk (2014) and Morris Day and the Time- Jungle Love (1983)

Key Terms

  • Pop Music Forms
  • Rock instrumentation
  • British Invasion
  • Heavy Metal
  • Grunge Rock
  • Rap Metal