Written Assignment 2

Coffee Consumption and Heart Health

Keona Weathers

The Community College of Baltimore County Dundalk

COFFEE CONSUMPTION AND HEART HEALTH 2

COFFEE CONSUMPTION AND HEART HEALTH 2

Coffee Consumption and Heart Health

a) What is the problem being studied?

The is a correlation amongst coffee drinking and heart health. Coffee is taken as a beverage extracted from coffee beans. These beans are said to contain caffeine which is said to be a drug. It is estimated that in every one o grams of coffee, there are 40 milligrams of caffeine. Caffeine consumption is generally considered safe as long as it is not taken in habitual terms. Excessive caffeine consumption brings in some side effects such as impatience, tremors, asymmetrical heartbeat, challenges in napping. Excessive caffeine consumption may lead to headaches and high blood pressure in some individuals (O'Keefe, DiNicolantonio & Lavie, 2018).

Coffee is one of the most consumed products in the world. There is a relationship between persons who depend on coffee to stay at night or wake up. Some persons take coffee as a stimulant. Caffeine arouses the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the brain, thereby aid persons to stay attentive and avert the commencement of weariness. Caffeine in coffee is said to affect the brain by delaying the properties of adenosine. Adenosine is a transmitter in the neurons that alerts the brain of tiredness and makes people feel tired (Rodríguez-Artalejo & López-García, 2017). For a normal human being, adenosine stages build up over the day and make people want to sleep—caffeine aids people in staying awake by linking to adenosine receptors in the CNS without energizing them.

Consumption of caffeine affects the ability of the body to regulate and metabolize cholesterol. Coffee oils may decrease bile acids and neutral sterols, which results in increased cholesterol. In the human diet, caffeine is the possible elevator of the cholesterol-elevating compound. When there is excessive cholesterol in the body, it accumulates in the walls of arteries, in a progression called atherosclerosis, which is a kind of heart disease. The streets become lessened, and flow of blood in the arteries is blocked or slowed down (Shin et al., 2017). Caffeine is also accountable for the homocysteine-raising result of coffee. Coffee disturbs homocysteine metabolism within hours after consumption, although the effect is substantial after an overnight fast. A high homocysteine level is a risk factor for heart disease (Miranda et al., 2017). Elevated homocysteine levels in the blood can damage the lining of the arteries, leading to blockages in the blood vessels. Persons with these conditions are said to have coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, which are fatal.

Consumption of caffeine is considered safe, even though most persons state that its consumption is deemed to be addictive. If it is taken in excessive amounts, it can lead to severe headaches (Lim et al., 2020). Caffeine can easily complicate the placenta, which increases the risk of loss or low weight in new-borns. It is also stated to interact with some medications. In this case, coffee consumption in excess has some effects on the heart.

b) What is the hypothesis?

The hypothesis extracted from the data presented can be that "excessive consumption of coffee has adverse effects on heart health."

c) What is the experimental variable?

The independent variable is the adverse effects on heart health, while the dependent variable is the consumption of coffee.

d) List the controls

· Some environmental factors play a role in the consumption of coffee.

· Genetic factors such as persons with particular genetic variations can drink coffee because they metabolize it more effectively (Park et al., 2017).

· Some persons drink caffeine to achieve the desired effect, such as waking up, having a night shift at the workstation, having a long journey, and other instances that need alertness and reduction of anxiety (Park et al., 2017).

· Students will consume a lot of caffeine to complete their assignments. A student with stress and needs to focus will consume caffeine to enhance performance and mood (Park et al., 2017).

e) What is being measured to test the hypothesis?

The blood levels of cholesterol and homocysteine are indicators of heart health. From the answers above, caffeine consumption affects the body's ability to regulate and metabolize cholesterol. Increased coffee intake leads to increased caffeine levels. Coffee oils may decrease bile acids and neutral sterols, which results in increased cholesterol. High cholesterol in the body is said to affect the arteries, which affect the heart muscles. It implies that excessive caffeine in the body increases the cholesterol levels in the bloodstream, leading to blockage in the streets, leading to heart complications (Shin et al., 2017).

Moreover, coffee disturbs homocysteine metabolism after intake, though the effect is considerable after an instant debauched. A high level of homocysteine is a risk issue for heart condition. Higher homocysteine stages in the blood can damage the lining of the arteries, leading to blockages in the blood vessels. Persons with these conditions have coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, which are fatal (Miranda et al., 2017).

References

Lim, D., Chang, J., Ahn, J., & Kim, J. (2020). Conflicting effects of coffee consumption on cardiovascular diseases: Does coffee consumption aggravate pre-existing risk factors?. Processes, 8(4), 438.

Miranda, A. M., Steluti, J., Fisberg, R. M., & Marchioni, D. M. (2017). Association between coffee consumption and its polyphenols with cardiovascular risk factors: A population-based study. Nutrients, 9(3), 276.

O'Keefe, J. H., DiNicolantonio, J. J., & Lavie, C. J. (2018). Coffee for cardioprotection and longevity. Progress in cardiovascular diseases, 61(1), 38-42.

Park, S. Y., Freedman, N. D., Haiman, C. A., Le Marchand, L., Wilkens, L. R., & Setiawan, V. W. (2017). Association of coffee consumption with total and cause-specific mortality among nonwhite populations. Annals of internal medicine, 167(4), 228-235.

Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., & López-García, E. (2017). Coffee consumption and cardiovascular disease: A condensed review of epidemiological evidence and mechanisms. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 66(21), 5257-5263.

Shin, H., Linton, J. A., Kwon, Y., Jung, Y., Oh, B., & Oh, S. (2017). Relationship between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: data from the 2013–2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean journal of family medicine, 38(6), 346.