Teachers Edits

Chapter 2: Review of the Literature

1. OBJECTIVE REVIEW OF BALANCED ARGUMENTS SUPPORTING, REFUTING AND ANALYZING YOUR PROBLEM, THEORETICAL CONCEPT AND THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE OR DISCIPLINE

2. SHORT AND CRITICAL HISTORICAL REVIEW OF TOPIC/BODY OF KNOWLEDGE:

a. WHO ARE THE SEMINAL CONTRIBUTORS?

b. WHAT IS THE CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCH ON YOUR TOPIC?

3. WHAT IS YOUR SPECIFIC THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK?

a. IF QUALITATIVE YOU BUILD THE THEORETICAL MODEL

b. IF QUANTITATIVE, WHAT SECONDARY DATA TESTS OR VALIDATES YOUR ESTABLISHED THEORETICAL MODEL?

4. WHAT GAP IN THE LITERATURE HAVE YOU IDENTIFIED THAT BECOMES THE FOCUS OF YOUR PRIMARY DATA ANALYSIS? Describe.

5. WHAT DOES THE CURRENT LITERATURE HAVE TO SAY ABOUT THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS YOU ARE USING TO BUILD YOUR PRIMARY RESEARCH?

6. WHAT ARE THE CONCLUSIONS YOU CAN MAKE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE SECONDARY DATA?

OUTLINE MIGHT GO SOMETHING LIKE THIS:

Historical Perspective Comment by Tom Kemp: 10-20 PAGES

Origins of …

Growth of …

Current Conditions and Trends …

Implications of the Problem

Theoretical Perspective Comment by Tom Kemp: 10-20 PAGES

Content and Concepts

Controlling Theory

Some Popular Theories

Key Concepts in Theory

Key Contributors or Seminar Researchers and Professionals

Secondary Data Analysis of Research Questions Comment by Tom Kemp: 5-10 PAGES

Summary of the prime directive or overarching issue, problem, challenge, and questions that the research is to answer.

RQ 1:

RQ 2:

RQ 3:

RQ 4:

Literature Review Conclusions Comment by Tom Kemp: NO MORE THAN 5 PAGES

What the literature tells the researcher about the efficacy or researchability of the topic. What does the literature review reveal about the overarching questions? What identified might appear now that the lit review is complete?

Summary of the Chapter Comment by Tom Kemp: ½ TO 1 PAGE

Chapter 3: Method

Write in some detail how you arrived at your preferred methodology and research design. Why is this either a qualitative or quantitative study and what is the research design that you will use to conduct the empirical research that is reported out in chapter 4? Why did you choose this design and what are features of other methods and designs that you could have used but chose not to?

Introduce them in detail and justify them as well as what hypotheses or propositions are listed with them that you will pursue either in testing (quant) or gain substantial qualitative content to find a preponderance of evidence on (qual).

Describe the source population you will be studying and give their characteristics and qualifications to be in your study. Answer who, what, why, how many, and when and where.

This is a critical element of the research … how will you choose the sample? What is the justification on size, whether or not they will be randomly chosen and why and exactly what your sampling procedure is or will be?

Explain how you are gaining access to your human subjects and how you will inform them of their CITI rights and responsibilities as well as yours as their researcher. What permission are needed and how will you get such permission? If permission is not needed, explain why not. How will you treat the human subjects? How will you interact and extract information from them?

What exact means will you use to assure anonymity, confidentiality, and hold all research subject harmless as you extract information from them. Explain how you will catalog, transcribe, transfer, store all data collected from human subjects and how you will guard said information. This should cover both digital and electronic data as well as physical data like notes and transcripts. How long will you provide vigilance over the data security and where and how will you store it securely?

Where will the study take place and how will you translate the data from that location to a more general location—talk about how the data are to be generalized and how do you know it is generalizable to other populations or locations? What if it not generalizable? What is the work around if not generalizable or limitation on your outcomes?

Explain the who, what, when, why and where you will collect the raw data from your study. Detail about how you will interact with your human subjects are needed. In the interaction who are the people and what do they represent. Again, how do you have permission to talk or extract information from them? If you use interviews or surveys or experiments, or any other way of getting data from people as participants, exactly how will you compose the data collection instrument?

Continue here explaining how you developed the instrument or decided on a pre-validated one.

Don’t just talk what validation and reliability are, but also make sure you explain in detail how you will assure your instrument is valid and reliable to use. IF YOU USE OR DEVELOP AN INSTRUMENT OF SOME SORT AND DO NOT VALIDATE IT OR TEST IT FOR RELIABILITY YOU CANNOT GUARANTEE THAT YOU WILL HAVE A STUDY THAT IS VALID AND RELIABLE (GARBAGE IN GARBAGE OUT.).

In great detail explain how you will conduct the data analysis, using either quant or qual data. You must explain with research citations how you will conduct your data analysis. You must follow the procedures outlined in research books and articles. If you use software or computers to crunch the numbers, describe in detail how that will happen. How will you analyze the data consistent with the requirements of the chosen methodology and design you have chosen to use?

TELL THE READER WHAT YOU DID IN CHAPTER AND TRANSITION TO THE NEXT CHAPTER. Summarize the topics covered in this chapter and state what chapter 4 is going to cover—no more than a single paragraph.

30-50 pages

Chapter 4: Findings and Results (QUALITATIVE METHODS FINDINGS)

Purpose of Chapter 4 Comment by Tom Kemp: ½ PAGE

(Scope and Significance of Reporting out the data. Describe what the sections are for the chapter and what will be contained in each section.)

Procedures Used Comment by Tom Kemp: 3-8 PAGES

Reporting the findings from the data gathering and to explain how you completed each task:

1. How did you gather the data?

2. How did you analyze the data?

Explain in detail how you worked to get the interviews, who did you talk to and how did you get access to them? Role of actual individuals who approved or facilitated your connection to the participants. Also explain how you coded, analyzed, and organized the data. Explain what procedures you followed to organize the data.

(Describe and explain what actually happened in the process of distributing your instrument of data collection or what happened during the data gathering used in your particular research design and process, etc. Explain and contrast what was expected to be done and what was really done and why there is a difference. This last point will need to be explained in study implications and level of integrity of findings since if it took place in a way not intended, the student will need to talk about implications on findings and recommendations. MAKE A SPECIAL NOTE OF THIS IN SECTION UNDER ERRORS AND SHORT FALLS.)

Findings on Research Questions and Propositions Comment by Tom Kemp: Could be up to 20 be more pages.

Using a well-known software package like NVivo, or other procedure, give detail of findings.

Group findings this way:

How did you code the data?

How did you organize the evidence and findings? Organize data as you report out each RQ being tested.

For example:

CATEGORY 1-evidence of major finding

THEMES 1-1 - evidence specific finding

SUBTHEMES-detail in support of theme

THEMES 1-2 - evidence of second theme

SUBTHEMES-detail in support of theme

SUBTHEMES-detail in support of theme

SUBTHEMES - same

SUBTHEMES - same

THEMES 1-3, ETC. same

SUBTHEMES same

SUBTHEMES same

CATEGORY 2-etc.

THEMES 2-1

SUBTHEMES

SUBTHEMES

THEMES 2-2

SUBTHEMES

SUBTHEMES

THEMES 2-3, ETC.

SUBTHEMES

SUBTHEMES

Use exemplars of actual text of participant feedback to you in interviews and supported by the data you gathered. Explain how the data seemed to summarize around each category, theme and subtheme and list the propositions that were addressed in the themes you developed. Explain by both summarizing the data and then by indicating which proposition was more supported by the findings in terms of which one received a preponderance of evidentiary support.

You can also summarize the findings in each category in a table or chart.

Emergent Findings Comment by Tom Kemp: 1-3 PAGES-list and discuss what you did not expect to find but did actually feel a certain short fall.

Shortfalls and Research Errors Comment by Tom Kemp: 1-2 PAGES If you varied from what you said you would do in chapter 3 as to how you actually gather data you need to report here what is the impact on the goodness of data you collected, where might be short falls and how do you know about the impact on your empirical research.

Write a statement of impact of the mistakes or errors etc.- no impact on the integrity of the findings; small but inconsequential impact or others might be large impact on the clarity or purity of the answers or the findings.

Conclusions Comment by Tom Kemp: 3-5 PAGES

RQ1

RQ2

RQ3

Summary Comment by Tom Kemp: ½ TO 1 PAGE

TELL THE READER WHAT YOU DID IN CHAPTER AND TRANSITION TO THE NEXT CHAPTER

Summarize the topics covered in this chapter and state what chapter 5 is going to cover—no more than a single paragraph.

20-40 pages

ADDED IDEAS FOR CHAPTER 4 AS A TEMPLATE:

1. USE SOME DETAILED LANGUAGE IN YOUR OWN WORDS WHAT YOU BELIEVE THIS CHAPTER NEEDS TO ACCOMPLISH AND HOW. AT LEAST 1 PARAGRAPH PER SECTION

2. WHEN YOU GET TO FINDINGS, ADDRESS WHAT YOU THINK YOU WILL DISCOVER IN YOUR DISSERTATION EMPIRICAL PORTION OF THE STUDY. DO YOU KNOW WHAT THAT PART OF THE STUDY IS?

3. IF YOU WERE TO DO THE STUDY USING A QUALITATIVE DESIGN, HOW ARE YOU SUPPOSED TO LAY OUT THE FINDINGS? 

4. DEFINED SUCCESS IN YOUR RESEARCH IN TERMS THAT YOU UNDERSTAND. In other words, how do you know your empirical research was successful or not.

5. In the summary, explain what the purpose is of CHAPTER 5.

CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS (QUANTITATIVE METHODS) Comment by Tom Kemp: EACH SECTION IN THE QUANT FINDINGS CHAPTER IS STANDARD. For each of the sections you concentrate on how to present statistical findings on each RQ.

EACH SECTION IN THE QUANT FINDINGS CHAPTER IS STANDARD. For each of the sections you concentrate on how to present statistical findings on each RQ.

Introduction Comment by Tom Kemp: ½ PAGE—summarize the dissertation so far in a brief manner. Tell the reader what this findings chapter will accomplish.

½ PAGE—summarize the dissertation so far in a brief manner. Tell the reader what this findings chapter will accomplish.

Research Questions and Hypotheses Comment by Tom Kemp: 1 PAGE OR SO-summarize what the RQS are again. Comment by Tom Kemp: Remember here is where you discuss in detail the things you found on each RQ. Take the page count needed to cover the detail of your findings.

1 PAGE OR SO-summarize what the RQS are again.

Data Collection Process Comment by Tom Kemp: 1-5 PAGES Explain in detail how you gathered the data and explain if you did it just like you said you would in chapter 3.

Remember here is where you discuss in detail the things you found on each RQ.

Data Analysis Process Comment by Tom Kemp: 3-8 PAGES-

1-5 PAGES Explain in detail how you gathered the data and explain if you did it just like you said you would in chapter 3.

Demographic Data Comment by Tom Kemp: ABOUT 5 PAGES PER RQ- you need to do all the statistical discussion here for and on each RQ. And for each hypothetical statement

Sample Size

Validity and Reliability

Research Design and Analysis: Statistics Used

Data Cleaning

Data Normalization

RQ#1 Hypothesis Test Results

Analysis of Research Question #2

Data Cleaning

Data Normalization

RQ#2 Hypothesis Test Results

Analysis of Research Question #3

Data Cleaning

Data Normalization

RQ#3 Hypothesis Test Results

For all above from demographics to RQ test results: ABOUT 5 PAGES PER RQ- you need to do all the statistical discussion here for and on each RQ. And for each hypothetical statement

Emergent Findings Comment by Tom Kemp: 1-5 PAGES: (unanticipated in the research set up)—anything you discovered that were not found in the interview questions or that was volunteered by each participant.

1-5 PAGES: (unanticipated in the research set up)—anything you discovered that were not found in the interview questions or that was volunteered by each participant.

Shortfalls and Errors Comment by Tom Kemp: 1-5 PAGES: This is where you will report out what you may have done incorrectly or by mistake or that seemed to compromise any findings. If you made tactical errors or mistakes like not doing something you said you will or doing something that was not described in chapter 3. Write a statement of impact of the mistakes or errors etc.- no impact on the integrity of the findings; small but inconsequential impact or others might be large impact on the clarity or purity of the answers or the findings.

1-5 PAGES: This is where you will report out what you may have done incorrectly or by mistake or that seemed to compromise any findings. If you made tactical errors or mistakes like not doing something you said you will or doing something that was not described in chapter 3.

Write a statement of impact of the mistakes or errors etc.- no impact on the integrity of the findings; small but inconsequential impact or others might be large impact on the clarity or purity of the answers or the findings.

Conclusions Comment by Tom Kemp: 1-5 PAGES

Conclude how each RQ was addressed or answered; from the findings of the phenomenology how did you answer each RQ?

RQ1

RQ2

RQ3

Summary Comment by Tom Kemp: ½ TO 1 PAGE

TELL THE READER WHAT YOU DID IN CHAPTER AND TRANSITION TO THE NEXT CHAPTER.

Summarize the topics covered in this chapter and state what chapter 5 is going to cover—no more than a single paragraph.

20-40 pages

Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations Comment by Tom Kemp: THE MOST IMPORTANT CHAPTER ---DO NOT RUSH IT OR TRIVIALIZE IT. I know you are tired and just want it to be over, but you must suck it up and give this chapter your very best, innovative, and complete transparency on what you did, why and what you found as well as what this was all about in the big picture.

THE MOST IMPORTANT CHAPTER ---DO NOT RUSH IT OR TRIVIALIZE IT. I know you are tired and just want it to be over, but you must suck it up and give this chapter your very best, innovative, and complete transparency on what you did, why and what you found as well as what this was all about in the big picture.

Problem Statement Comment by Tom Kemp: ½ page--Summarize what the issues are you are addressing in the study. Not too much restatement should be done here.

½ page--Summarize what the issues are you are addressing in the study. Not too much restatement should be done here.

Purpose Statement Comment by Tom Kemp: Summarize it from chapter 1 in less than a page.

Summarize it from chapter 1 in less than a page.

Methods Comment by Tom Kemp: Summarize methods and research design in less than a page.

Summarize methods and research design in less than a page.

Limitations Comment by Tom Kemp: Restate what you did not or could not do in the study in ½ page.

Restate what you did not or could not do in the study in ½ page.

Ethical Dimensions Comment by Tom Kemp: 1-3 pages state what ethical issues you faced in the research and how toy dealt with it.

1-3 pages state what ethical issues you faced in the research and how toy dealt with it.

Questions/ Hypothesis Comment by Tom Kemp: 1 PAGE OR SO-summarize what the RQS are again.

1 PAGE OR SO-summarize what the RQS are again.

Conclusions Comment by Tom Kemp: Provide the narrative first and then the charts to clarify the contrast comparison analysis of the findings from chapter 2 vs chapter 4.

Provide the narrative first and then the charts to clarify the contrast comparison analysis of the findings from chapter 2 vs chapter 4.

(Integrating findings from chapters 2 and 4)

Implications Comment by Tom Kemp: 1-5 pages what are the PAGE OR SO-summarize what the RQS are again. And implications and importance of the findings from chapter 2 and 4?

-5 pages what are the PAGE OR SO-summarize what the RQS are again. And implications and importance of the findings from chapter 2 and 4?

Recommendations Comment by Tom Kemp: In 2-6 pages -what might you do differently or improve on if you were to continue this kind of research. What do you recommend for leadership, professionals in this field of endeavor and academics to take away from this research and what should they do with it?

In 2-6 pages -what might you do differently or improve on if you were to continue this kind of research. What do you recommend for leadership, professionals in this field of endeavor and academics to take away from this research and what should they do with it?

Researcher Reflections Comment by Tom Kemp: Whatever number of pages you may need to express your sentiments over completing the doctorate, the dissertation, and the study itself. Talk about your ups and downs and things that really inspired you and challenged you in the whole process. What are the lessons learned you want students to know who come after you?

Whatever number of pages you may need to express your sentiments over completing the doctorate, the dissertation, and the study itself. Talk about your ups and downs and things that really inspired you and challenged you in the whole process. What are the lessons learned you want students to know who come after you?

Future Research Comment by Tom Kemp: In 2-6 pages provide a narrative about what think is important enough to recommend additional research take place on the dissertation

In 2-6 pages provide a narrative about what think is important enough to recommend additional research take place on the dissertation

Summary of the Study Comment by Tom Kemp: In about one or so pages tell the reader what the study accomplished, why it weas important and how it should be conceptualized for understanding and its significance now that it is completed. NO WHIMPERING OUT HERE

In about one or so pages tell the reader what the study accomplished, why it weas important and how it should be conceptualized for understanding and its significance now that it is completed. NO WHIMPERING OUT HERE

20-50 pages