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Kearney_3e_PPT_Ch02-Tagged.pdf
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive-Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Introduction
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Emil Kraepelin
The Biological Model
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Genetics
• Genotype – Produce characteristics such as eye color that
do not change over time
• Phenotype – Observable characteristic of a person that can
change over time
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Heritability of Major Mental Disorders
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Terminal button
Nucleus
Axon
Cell body
Dendrite
Synapses
Nervous Systems and Neurons
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Neurotransmitter System Functions
Neurotransmitters
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
The Brain
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Cingulate gyrus
Thalamus
Mamillary body
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Olfactory bulb
Hypothalamus
Limbic system
The Brain (cont’d.)
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
A 16-Year-Old Boy with Autism
A 16-Year-Old Boy without Autism
Biological Assessment and Treatment
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Evaluating the Biological Model
• The biological model assumes that mental states, emotions, and behaviors arise largely from physical processes
• The biological model is important for understanding many components of major mental disorders, but it cannot explain all aspects of the disorders
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Sigmund Freud
The Psychodynamic Model
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Superego Ego
Id Id Guiding principle: Pleasure Tasks: Attain gratification of wants, needs, and impulses
Ego Guiding principle: Reality Tasks: Mediate demands of id and superego; cope with real world
Superego Guiding principle: Morality Tasks: Develop conscience; block id impulses
from Rathus, Psychology: Concepts and Connections, 9th ed., Fig. 11.1, p. 402. Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth, a part of Cengage Learning. Reproduced by permission. www.cengage.com/permissions.
Brief Overview of the Psychodynamic Model
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Erotic Focus
Stage
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Intrapsychic Conflict
(Between Id, Ego, and Superego)
Anxiety Reliance on
Defense Mechanisms
Defense Mechanisms
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Psychodynamic Assessment and Treatment
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Evaluating the Psychodynamic Approach
• Strengths – Helps us focus on providing better
environments for our children – Theory of defense mechanisms intuitive
• Limitations – Relative lack of research support for its major
assumptions
– Abstract and difficult to measure
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
The Humanistic Model
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Qualitative assessment
Nondirective therapy
Humanistic Assessment and Treatment
Evaluating the Humanistic Model
• Strengths – Focuses on human choice and growth – Emphasizes client responsibility in recovery
• Limitations – Unscientific, largely lacking empirical support – Less applicability to people with a severe
mental disorder
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
*After the CS and UCS are paired the CS produces the conditioned response (CR), or avoidance.
The Cognitive-Behavioral Model
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Behavior Repetition of behavior is more likely
Positive reinforcement: pleasant event or reward
Positive Reinforcement
Copyright ©2015 Cengage Learning®
Behavioral Perspective
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Shawn flies on airplane
Shawn has stomach virus
Fear that he will get sick
or feel ill if he flies
Avoid flying: Takes the
bus instead?
Classical conditioning – Develop a fear of flying
Fear “drives” the avoidance behavior
Operant conditioning – Avoidance of flying reduces fear
(Negative reinforcement)
Copyright ©2015 Cengage Learning®
Learning Principles
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment and Treatment
• Treatments – Cognitive-behavioral therapy – Rational restructuring – Systematic sensitization – Exposure – Token economy
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Evaluating the Cognitive-Behavioral Model
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
The Sociocultural Model
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Sociocultural Factors
• Culture • Gender • Neighborhoods and communities • Family
The Biological Model
The Psychodynamic Model
The Humanistic Model
The Cognitive- Behavioral Model
The Sociocultural Model
Evaluating the Sociocultural Model
Chapter Reflections
• How do culture influence the development of mental health issues?
• What aspects of neighborhoods, communities, and families are associated with stress and mental health?
• What are strengths and limitations of the sociocultural perspective?
- Slide 1
- Introduction
- The Biological Model
- Genetics
- Heritability of Major Mental Disorders
- Nervous Systems and Neurons
- Neurotransmitters
- The Brain
- The Brain (cont’d.)
- Biological Assessment and Treatment
- Evaluating the Biological Model
- The Psychodynamic Model
- Brief Overview of the Psychodynamic Model
- Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
- Defense Mechanisms
- Psychodynamic Assessment and Treatment
- Evaluating the Psychodynamic Approach
- The Humanistic Model
- Humanistic Assessment and Treatment
- Evaluating the Humanistic Model
- The Cognitive-Behavioral Model
- Behavioral Perspective
- Learning Principles
- Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment and Treatment
- Evaluating the Cognitive-Behavioral Model
- The Sociocultural Model
- Sociocultural Factors
- Evaluating the Sociocultural Model
- Chapter Reflections
