Fix my synthesis essay so it would be original. Due in 15 hours

Name: Badi Prudence Kao

Professor: James Getman

Course Code: WRTG 394

Date of Submission: June 6

Synthesis Essay

Environmental Pollution is a wide-reaching problem and its potential to influence the health of human population is great. This review provides an insights view about the effects of environmental pollution in arising from air, water and land /soil waste pollution on humans (G. Liu, 2018). From the literature, there is evidence that the different types of pollution are not only seriously affecting human life but that of animals and plants as well. Population growth continues to receive the attention of policymakers in both the developed and developing countries. According to Kelishadi (2012), urbanization and industrialization along with economic, development have led to an increase in energy consumption and waste discharges. The global environmental pollution, including the greenhouse gas emission and acid disposition, as well as water pollution and waste management are considered as an international public health problem. This review takes a multi-dimensional but nuanced approach by discussing the impact of the different types of environmental pollution on human health. Comment by James Getman: Review APA line spacing format

Impact of Air Pollution On Health

Air quality is important to the human respiratory system. However, when the air is filled with impurities, it can post health hazards to humans. According to Harris (2018), air pollution is the contamination of the atmosphere with harmful substances generated from both natural and human-made sources. In a broader sense, air pollution means the presence of chemicals in the air which lower the quality of air or cause detrimental changes to the quality of life. Air pollution can occur both indoors and outdoors as well. One of the common causes of air pollution on humans beings is the negative effects on the respiratory system. In work of Lage, Ramos, Oliveira, Da, & Rocha (2016), they found that high concentrations of air pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxide and ozone are suitable agents for inflammatory infections. The main infections that result from air pollutions include Bronchial Asthma, Pneumonia, Chronic Bronchitis or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (de Sousa et al., 2011) and can often lead to death without early treatment. Even though carbon monoxide is the leading air pollutant causing health effects, others like Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, sulfur dioxide also post health risks to people (see Lage et al., 2016).

Besides respiratory tract infections, air pollution also present birth defects. Exposure to some of the pollutants discussed early can lead to preterm birth and low birth weight which can pose neurodevelopmental disorders in children (Payne-Sturges et al., 2019). This means that unborn babies are at risk too when their mothers are exposed to air pollution and subsequently affects the development of the child.

Impacts Of Water Pollution

Water is has uses at the household as well as industrial sector. The contamination of water in our homes or when used to produce food and beverages often lead to many adverse health effects. In some studies, a strong association between the number of estimated cancer cases from wastewater effluent and the number of reported epidemiological cancer cases in China was identified (Chen et al., 2019). Wastewater from industries and construction sites ofter expose water bodies to chemicals that affect humans after the wastewater contaminate potable drinking sources. Algal blooms which is form of surface water pollution is observed to cause liver cancer in twofold more than the effects of hepatitis B viral infections, ethnic or genetic susceptibilities, and alcohol consumption combined (Haseena, 2017). Probably, the most common of water pollution on human health is intestinal infections. Stomach ulcer, diarrhoea and typhoid are among common health effects from drinking contaminated water. This the exposure to pathogens from the consumption of polluted water diseases (Haseena, 2017). As surface and underground water sources get polluted, the number of people who have access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation decreases. More than one-third of the world’s population are affected by water pollution, accounting for about 1.6 million deaths per. year (Haseena, 2017). There are attempts to give geographical dimensions to the effects of water pollution on health with a greater focus on developing countries. This, however, does not suggest that developed countries do not face water pollution issues. For instance, about 34 million Americans get their drinking water from wells which have a 1 out of five probability to be contaminated by chemicals such as arsenic and uranium (Branch & Depart-, n.d.).

Strategies For Managing Environmental Pollution

The environmental consequences of rapid industrialization have resulted in countless incidents of land/soil, air and water resources sites being contaminated with toxic materials and other pollutants, threatening humans and the ecosystems with serious health risks. Managing the process will require a multi-faceted approach that spans includes industry, households and city authorities. City authorities will need to set up their monitoring role to ensure environmental laws and guidelines are followed. For example, to curb air pollution, Lage et al. (2016) suggest air quality measuring using the Air Quality Index to make sure the air quality is within the acceptable level. Not only should they monitor air quality, the same principle should be applied to water and sewage systems by ensuring proper treatment and disposal of both domestic and industrial waste. The health facilities have a role to play in prevention and treatment of diseases from environmental pollution. Public health programmes and education should be inculcated the habits and culture of the people. Z. (Leo) Liu, Anderson, & Cruz (2012) stated that although the public is not necessarily expected to alleviate pollution themselves, such programmes can educate them on the appropriate responses to pollution, protect themselves against polluted conditions and adopt environmentally friendly lifestyles. The point about consumer awareness is key to achieve mass adoption of sound waste management practices to complete the cycle. In addition to the already mentioned strategies, G. Liu (2018)wrote that to effectively protect peoples’s environmental health, there is the need to reinforce the environmental health legislation, formulate the precaution principles for environmental health risk, improve the assessment system on environmental health impact establish the standard system of environmental health and lastly build an open and sharing mechanism of environmental health information. Comment by James Getman: Delete extra space

Conclusion

Pressure on the environment will continue to increase. Global population increase, rising incomes, and agricultural and industrial expansion will inevitably produce unanticipated and potentially deleterious ecological, economic and human health consequences. Both communicable and non-communicable diseases continue to have debilitating effect on the population and in some cases, resulting in deaths. From the literature seem to place emphasis on developing countries where issues of water pollution remain an issue. Environmental research has proven its value in helping to respond to an prevent many environmental problems and it continues to be a wise and necessary investment. Environmental organizations all over the world are working toward reducing environmental pollution by encouraging recycling amongst other measures to make the environment a safe place. Lifestyle changes to the use of renewable resources and managing both solid and liquid waste is key.

References Comment by James Getman: Start new page here

Branch, H. S., & Depart-, C. H. (n.d.). Safe Water for Community Health Update. Journal of Environmental Health, 81(6), 32–35.

Chen, B., Wang, M., Duan, M., Ma, X., Hong, J., Xie, F., … Li, X. (2019). In search of key: Protecting human health and the ecosystem from water pollution in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 228, 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.228

de Sousa, C. A., César, C. L. G., Barros, M. B. de A., Carandina, L., Goldbaum, M., & Pereira, J. C. R. (2011). Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e fatores associados em São Paulo, SP, 2008-2009. Revista de Saude Publica, 45(5), 887–896. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102011005000051

Harris, J. L. (2018). Air Pollution. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Science. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.umuc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=88952971&site=eds-live&scope=site

Haseena, mehtab. (2017). Water pollution and human health. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 107(4), 251–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00158344

Kelishadi, R. (2012). Environmental Pollution: Health Effects and Operational Implications for Pollutants Removal. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2012(2), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/341637

Lage, M. L., Ramos, L. M., Oliveira, T. M., Da, V., & Rocha, C. (2016). the Atmospheric Pollution and Repercussions on Human Health : a Brief Review of Toxicological Environmental Effects on Respiratory System. Brazilian Journal of Surgery and Clinical Research, 13(2), 29–34.

Liu, G. (2018). Types of environmental pollution caused by real estate construction projects and their control measures. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 17(3), 1035–1041. Retrieved from https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055705175&partnerID=40&md5=76e644e3782713eec34a2ebe007e6465

Liu, Z. (Leo), Anderson, T. D., & Cruz, J. M. (2012). Consumer environmental awareness and competition in two-stage supply chains. European Journal of Operational Research, 218(3), 602–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2011.11.027

Payne-Sturges, D. C., Marty, M. A., Perera, F., Miller, M. D., Swanson, M., Ellickson, K., … Hertz-Picciotto, I. (2019). Healthy Air, Healthy Brains: Advancing Air Pollution Policy to Protect Children’s Health. American Journal of Public Health, 109(4), 550–554. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304902