5-6 pages essay
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JudaismChristianityIslampart2.pptxJudaism, Christianity, Islam
Part 2
Islam
Islam is the youngest of the world’s major religions.
It was first proclaimed by the prophet Muhammad in the town of Mecca, in Arabia around 610 C.E..
The followers of Islam (Muslims) consider their faith to be the third and final revelation of God’s truth
The first being Judaism and the second being Christianity Muslims accept the sanctity of certain portions of Hebrew and Christian scripture.
All three religions are monotheistic
Among Islam’s central beliefs are the following:
God is called Allah meaning “The One God.”
Muhammad is revered as a prophet, the culmination of a line of prophets that extends from Abraham through Jesus.
The word Muslim means “one who surrenders”.
Islam means “submission to God” in Arabic.
Muslims surrender themselves to the prophet Muhammad and, through him, to Allah by obeying Muhammad’s instructions for living.
According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad heard a voice enjoining him to recite, to which he responded, “What shall I recite?”
The answer came as a series of direct revelations from Allah over a period of more than 20 years, starting in Mecca and ending in Medina.
Muhammad’s flight is known as Hijrah or Hegira and marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar (622C.E. is the year 1 for Muslims).
(How is the story of Muhammad like that of Moses?)
There are no pictures of anyone in a mosque. The ban on images of people led to the development of the detailed and beautiful calligraphy that is the principle adornment of mosques and other Islamic religious items.
There are no pictures of Allah or any living things in a Mosque because the Second Commandment expressly prohibits it.
2nd Commandment; KJV "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven
image, or any likeness of any thing that is in
heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath,
or that is in the water under the earth."
Mecca Saudi Arabia
Medina Saudi Arabia
Ottoman Turks
In the 13th century a group of Asiatic nomads, later called Ottoman Turks, converted to Islam and fuel Islamic expansion.
Under a series of powerful rulers called sultans the Ottomans conquered Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) in 1453.
Suleyman the Magnificent
A century after the conquest
of Constantinople the
Ottoman Empire was at
the height of its power under
Suleyman I.
By 1700 the Ottoman sultans had lost control of Egypt and Lebanon and by early 18th century had lost control of Serbia and Greece.
Other European states, including the Balkans, released themselves from Ottoman control.
The influence of Islam on the West remained considerable, especially on the art, music and architecture of The Iberian Peninsula.
The Alhambra
The Alhambra is a palace and fortress complex located in
Granada, Andalusia, Spain. It was originally constructed as a fortress in 889
and later converted into a royal palace in 1333 by Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada.
The Alhambra's Islamic palaces were built for the last Muslim emirs in Spain.
Later, some portions of the palaces were used by Christian rulers.
The Great Mosque of Djenne, Mali, Africa
The Quran
The Quran (also spelled Koran, Qur’an or Qu’ran) is the scripture of Islam.
Quran means “revelation” or “recitation” in Arabic.
Muhammad memorized the messages
he received from God and dictated
them to scribes.
The Quran is divided into 114 Surah
or chapters.
Each chapter becomes shorter. The 1st contains 287 verses, the last only 3.
Each Surah begins with the words “In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.”
The words of the Quran are the first and often the last words that the devout Muslim will hear in life.
The Quran forms the basis of Muslim education and serves as a textbook for the study of Arabic.
Calligraphy
Verses from the Quran may be
inscribed on the walls of Muslim
homes and Mosques
with beautiful and elaborate
calligraphy. Images are forbidden.
Only Allah can make images.
5 pillars of Islam
1. “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger.”
2.Prayer recited 5 times daily: Dawn, mid-day, mid-afternoon, sunset, nightfall. In Muslim communities there may be a call to prayer. Before praying Muslim must cleanse themselves of impurities, during prayer they face the direction of Mecca and prostrate themselves.
3.Almsgiving or charity amounting to one 40th of their income.
4.Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan and recitation of the entire Quran.
5. Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca at least once in a lifetime.
Branches of Islam: Sunni and Shia
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=branches+of+islam
The Sufis
The Sufis are the mystics of Islam.
Sufi means “woolen” and refers to the coarse woolen clothing that the Sufis wear as a sign of their rejection of worldly comforts.
Referred to as “whirling dervishes” they are known for their ritual dancing to repetitive music devised to induce a trance-like state.
Video
1,001 Nights
One of the most famous works of Arabic literature is the
One Thousand and One Nights.
The stories were collected in the 10th century and later embellished and expanded.
The stories are linked by the narrator Scherezade, wife of the Persian king Sharayar, whom she entertains night after night with her storytelling, which prolongs her life and cures his hatred of women.
Some of the stories of The Nights, particularly "Aladdin's Wonderful Lamp", "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" and "The Seven Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor", while almost certainly genuine Middle Eastern folk tales, were not part of The Nights in Arabic versions, but were added into the collection by Antoine Galland and other European translators. The innovative and rich poetry and poetic speeches, chants, songs, lamentations, hymns, beseeching, praising, pleading, riddles and annotations provided by Scheherazade or her story characters are unique to the Arabic version of the book. Some are as short as one line, while others go for tens of lines.
| Islam | No one of you is a believer until he desires for his brother that which he desires for himself. Sunnah |
| Judaism | What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellowman. This is the entire Law; all the rest is commentary. Talmud, Shabbat 3id |
| Taoism | Regard your neighbor’s gain as your gain, and your neighbor’s loss as your own loss. Tai Shang Kan Yin P’ien |
| Zoroastrianism | That nature alone is good which refrains from doing another whatsoever is not good for itself. Dadisten-I-dinik, 94,5 |
| Christianity | All things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye so to them; for this is the law and the prophets. Matthew 7:1 |
| Confucianism | Do not do to others what you would not like yourself. Then there will be no resentment against you, either in the family or in the state. Analects 12:2 |
| Buddhism | Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful. Udana-Varga 5,1 |
| Hinduism | This is the sum of duty; do naught onto others what you would not have them do unto you. Mahabharata 5,1517 |
