2 assignments need help!

EMC/350

November 19, 2019

Joplin, Mo. EF-5 Disaster Response

Evaluation of the resources used

Resources that were used in the Joplin, Mo. EF-5 tornado after-action can be categorized in several ways; to begin with, the Emergency relief resources which were required immediately after the disaster, these resources are essential for the survival of the humans, especially after the tragedy had occurred. Some of the Emergency relief resources included: The Food, water, shelter as well as medicines; these four factors were essential for the survival of those who survived the tornado disaster. It is crucial, therefore, for these resources to be availed promptly as well as adequately. Medicine was vital because the people who were injured or those who got severe injuries required urgent medical care as well as help. The shelter that is usually provided for the recovery is commonly transitional and is meant to only protect against the wind as well as rain. In addition to that, a lot of financial resources were used to acquire the already outlined resources as it is hard to get them without money.

Moreover, both financial and material resources are were used in several ways, for instance, the construction of permanent physical structures such as schools, hospitals that are meant to replace tents, and generally the restoration of social structures. Furthermore, clothing is another important factor that is significantly required by the people whose clothes were to tone or destroyed during the occurrence of the disaster. Generally, the primary resources that were used in the case of the Joplin, Mo. An EF-5 tornado was majorly included in the Financial resources, the human resources, which further provided several services such as helping in the removal of the debris, assisting in the construction of the structures, either temporary structures or the permanent structures which had to replace the already destroyed structures. Moreover, the human resource was also essential as they help to cater for the injured. Material resources were also used in the case; material resources included construction materials such as cement, rocks, et cetera. Construction material was vital as it contributed/facilitated the construction of the structures that were required for the protection of the people.

furthermore, financial resources were essential in the establishment of the people who suffered the loss, for instance at least $21 million was offered in grant to assist the victims in taking care of house repairs as well as other disaster-related needs

Evaluation of the technology available

During the disaster, many people are likely to be killed. Technology is essential, particularly during such times, the rescue teams, as well as the id agencies, usually depend on the technique of a rescue mission. Technology typically increases the efficiency as well as the effectiveness of the responders, further deepening the role played by technology in disaster aid relief. Some of the techniques that can be available during the disaster included the use of drones as well as the use of the robots helps in the location of the survivors and then transmit information to emergency teams who can take immediate actions that furthermore, these technologies can also be used to drop humanitarian aid. In addition to that, SERVAL technology was also built to ensure that phones were able to communicate even in the absence of the network. Also, the NASA Finder was another technology developed to get or determine the human heartbeats under 20 ft of solid concrete and 30 ft of rubble(Murayama, Velev, & Zlateva, 2019). Use of technology during the recover. Technology can go where people cannot and where rescue efforts put the lives of responders at risk; for instance, the use of drones was able to monitor the situation, particularly places with extreme tornado effect that hindered the service that was meant for rescuing of the people during the disaster. The use of these technologies may be more comfortable to map terrain more effectively; evaluation of the damages will further be prompt; furthermore, technology usually improves situational awareness and, therefore able to understand and know how a particular disaster is unfolding. Arguably, the infrared cameras, as well as other advanced listening technologies or systems, helps in the uncovering of any survivor especially from the Rubble, the policies are usually incorporated with the UAVs, by combining them, it is possible to determine whatever that may be underground(Jennex, 2013).

Critique of the decision-making processes

In this situation, several decision-making processes were used to aid in responding to the emergence as a result of the disaster that has occurred. Critical analysis of the decision-making processes implies that the method was effective and fruitful; this is because the indented objectives were achieved. The achievement of the set target is enough indication of the success of the process. Furthermore, the decision -making process followed the right procedure and steps, an effective decision making usually is executed in a particular systematic series. The purpose of the decision is commonly identified first, then data or information regarding the incident under consideration is collected; information is essential as it will help in coming up with a sound judgment decision.

Furthermore, the principles of judging the alternatives are usually outlined where the best policy may be selected after brainstorming on the matter, which is then followed by the evaluation of the issue and this is when a decision can be made — looking at the decision-making process which was used during the emergency response in the Joplin, Mo. An EF-5 tornado, it is clear that the procedures were effective and, therefore, satisfactory — the decision-making process based on the prospect of the emergency scenario(Smith & Sutter, 2013).

ICS implementation

The implementation of the incident command system and management of support personnel is essential, particularly in disaster response as well as emergency management; this is because it helps in disaster management and containment of the emergencies. Regarding this case, it is clear that the implementation of the Incident Command System and the management support personnel avoided requiring as well as a recommendation of a particular structure to assist in the emergency response. Furthermore, it appears as if the criteria were not adequately met. In addition to that, only a single structure was used for the emergency response; the use of one arrangement for emergency response significantly contribute towards the failure of the organizations involved.

Following the occurrence of a significant disaster, for instance, the occurrence of the Joplin, Mo. An EF-5 tornado, the incident command system, and management of support personnel ought to have joined hand in addressing the lack of organizational structure, which is evidenced in this case, there was also insufficient emergency evaluation. Furthermore, the planning of the team seemed to be poorly coordinated, with resource allocation that looked uncoordinated; all these confusions could not effectively lead to the achievement of the goals. Besides, based on this scenario, the communication seems to be not sufficient, ineffective communication, particularly in the incident scene, led to confusion.

Recommendations towards the advancement of the emergency management

Recommendations generated are meant to assist in the disaster management activities that will foster a reduction of the extent or degree to which the occurrence of a disaster worsens the conditions of the individuals. Some of the recommendations include: preparedness-individuals, as well as organizations, should be ready to respond to the emergency effectively. This stage requires the identification of the hazards and the development of the plan to respond to them. Secondly, response- this is aimed at reducing conditions that threaten the lives of individuals and further eradicating any further damage caused by the disaster. It is, therefore, essential for an organization/ community to have a response team. Recovery and mitigation- theses are meant to return the people as well as their properties to at least their pre-disaster condition of well-being. Enough funds should be set aside for disaster recovery and mitigation(McEntire, 2015).

References

Bryan, D. (2013). Tornadoes. Edina, MN: ABDO Publishing Company.

Jennex, M. (2013). Using Social and Information Technologies for Disaster and Crisis Management. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

McEntire, D. A. (2015). Disaster Response and Recovery: Strategies and Tactics for Resilience. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Murayama, Y., Velev, D., & Zlateva, P. (2019). Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction: Third IFIP TC 5 DCITDRR International Conference, ITDRR 2018, Held at the 24th IFIP World Computer Congress, WCC 2018, Poznan, Poland, September 20–21, 2018, Revised Selected Papers. Basingstoke, England: Springer Nature.

Smith, D. J., & Sutter, D. (2013). Response and Recovery after the Joplin Tornado: Lessons Applied and Lessons Learned. SSRN Electronic Journal. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.2261353