who can do my essay of Argumentation in the Form of Persuasion

!

!"#$%&'()*+,-./$01)0221

!"/3#,45/6#$%#4, -78'994:/%% By Jon Gertner Published: Sunday, September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

"

4B'>4:/@M-$%/)=45./$,"'%:-,/& ,"', ,"/%/B4%,'C/% -7 /H9/+,',4-:+': 5/'&&4$/+,5( ,-B4%,'C/% 4: +"--%4:>?"',?/ ,"4:C?455 >4A/#%95/'%#$/@8/+'55% ,"4% JJB4%?':,4:>@JJ

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

JJD-#C:-?) ,"/\,-:/% %'4&) JD-#+':J, '5?'(%>/,?"', (-#?':,)J JJ =45./$, '&&%@ JJ; &-:J, ,"4:C ,"',J% ,"/9$-.5/B@!"/ 9$-.5/B 4% (-#+':J, '5?'(% C:-??"', (-#?':,@JJ

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

;: ,"/ /'$5( ]112J%) 7-$ ':#9I':&I+-B4:>9%(+"-5->(9$-7/%%-$ 54C/=45./$, ,- %?4,+""4% 74/5&-7 4:U#4$( 7$-B"-??/ 9/$+/4A/-:/':-,"/$ ,-"'994:/%%) '%"/&4& ,"',&'()?'% G#%, '"'4$%.$/'&," %"-$, -7 .4X'$$/@L#,=45./$, "'%'5?'(% 54C/& U#/%,4-:% ,"', 5/'&"4B%-B/?"/$/:/?@S-?_`)=45./$,&$-99/&-#,-7 "4>"%+"--5 ', ]`) "--C4:> 4:,-?"',"/ +'55% JJ,"/ ,'45 /:&-7 ,"/"4994/B-A/B/:,JJ ':&"4,+""4C4:>'4B5/%%5( 7$-B,-?: ,- ,-?:?4,""4% >#4,'$@8/B/,"4%?47/-: ,"/ $-'&Z %"/?'%"4,+"4:> 4: ,"/-,"/$&4$/+,4-:@!"/(B'$$4/&', ]a)"'&' %-:', ]b':&%/,,5/&&-?: 4:</:A/$@ JJ; 9#55/& ?//&%) ; %-5& $/.'$) ; %-5& +'$9/,) ; 4:%,'55/& +'$9/,) ; %9/:, ' 5-, -7 ,4B/'%'9"-:/ %-54+4,-$)JJ "/ $/+'55%@<#$4:> ,"4% 9/$4-& "/ %9/:, %/A/$'5 (/'$% ,#$:4:>-#, %+4/:+/I74+,4-: %,-$4/% 7-$B'>'X4:/% 54C/KB'X4:>\,-$4/%@!"#%) 4:'&&4,4-: ,-./4:> JJ-:/-7 ,"/B-%, >47,/& %-+4'5 9%(+"-5->4%,% -7 -#$'>/)JJ '% ,"/9%(+"-5->(?$4,/$ ':&9$-7/%%-$<'A4&=@R(/$%&/%+$4./% "4B,-B/)=45./$, 4% ,"/'#,"-$-7 JJ!"/c%%/:+/-7=$#:C)JJ ' %,-$('.-#, ':/:+-#:,/$?4,"' +$/',#$/B'&/-7 />> %'5'& ,"', G/,% '$-#:& ,"/>'5'H( 4:' $-+C/,I9-?/$/& $/7$4>/$',-$@

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

*://H9/$4B/:,-7=45./$,J% "'& %,#&/:,% 4:'9"-,->$'9"(+5'%% ',8'$A'$& +"--%/ ,?- 7'A-$4,/94+,#$/% 7$-B'B-:> ,"-%/ ,"/("'& G#%, ,'C/:':& ,"/: $/54:U#4%"-:/ ,- ,"/ ,/'+"/$@ \-B/%,#&/:,%?/$/ ,-5& ,"/4$ +"-4+/%?/$/9/$B':/:,Z -,"/$%?/$/ ,-5& ,"/( +-#5& /H+"':>/ ,"/4$ 9$4:,% '7,/$ %/A/$'5 &'(%@K% 4, ,#$:/&-#,) ,"-%/?"-"'& ,4B/ ,- +"':>/ ,"/4$ B4:&%?/$/ 5/%% 95/'%/&?4," ,"/4$&/+4%4-:% ,"': ,"-%/?"-%/ +"-4+/%?/$/ 4$$/A-+'.5/@

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

#

M/74H ,"/ 5/'C( $--7 -:-#$"-#%/) .#, -A/$ ,"/ 5-:>"'#5) ,"/.$-C/:%+$//:&--$?/:/A/$B/:&'&&%#9 ,-B-$/ 7$#%,$',4-:@

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

R#+"-7 ,"/?-$C-7T'":/B':)P-/?/:%,/4:)=45./$, ':&M45%-: ,'C/% 4,% +#/ 7$-B,"/+-:+/9,-7 '&'9,',4-:) ' ,/$B 9%(+"-5->4%,%"'A/#%/& %4:+/', 5/'%, ,"/ ]1`2J% ,- $/7/$ ,-"-??/'++54B',/ ,- +"':>4:>+4$+#B%,':+/%@=/-$>/ P-/?/:%,/4: %#B%#9 ,"4% "#B':+'9'+4,( '% 7-55-?%V JJ8'994:/%% 4% ' %4>:'5 ,"', -#$.$'4:%#%/ ,-B-,4A',/#% ,-&- +/$,'4: ,"4:>%@K:& 4: ,"/ %'B/?'( ,"', -#$ /(/'&'9,% ,-&477/$/:, 5/A/5% -7 455#B4:',4-:)?/J$/&/%4>:/& ,-C4:&-7 >- .'+C ,- ,"/"'994:/%% %/, 9-4:,@*#$.$'4:%'$/:-, ,$(4:> ,-./"'99(@*#$.$'4:% '$/ ,$(4:> ,- $/>#5',/#%@JJ ;: ,"4% $/%9/+,) ,"/ ,/:&/:+( ,-?'$&'&'9,',4-: %#>>/%,%?"( ,"/ 4B9'+,.4'% 4% %-9/$A'%4A/@ K%!4BM45%-:%'(%V JJM/&-:J, $/'54X/"-? U#4+C5(?/?455 '&'9, ,- '95/'%#$'.5/ /A/:, ':&B'C/ 4, ,"/.'+C&$-9-7-#$ 54A/%@M"/:':(/A/:,-++#$% ,-#%)?/B'C/ 4, -$&4:'$(@K:& ,"$-#>"./+-B4:>-$&4:'$()?/ 5-%/-#$95/'%#$/@JJ

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

\,455) ,"/'$>#B/:, ,"',?/ 4B9/$7/+,5( 4B'>4:/?"',?/?':, ':&"-??/?455 +-9/ 4%:/A/$,"/5/%%&4%-$4/:,4:>@*: ,"/ -:/"':&) 4, +':+'%, ' %"'&-?-7 $/>$/, -: %-B/ 547/ &/+4%4-:%@M"(&4& ;&/+4&/ ,"',?-$C4:> ]22"-#$% '?//C ,- /'$: B-$/?-#5&B'C/B/"'99(WM"(&4& ; ,"4:C $/,4$4:> ,-\#:Q4,()K$4X@)?-#5&95/'%/B/W*: ,"/-,"/$"':&) 4, +':./ /:54>",/:4:>@S-?-:&/$ ,"4% ,/'C9',4- %/, "'%:J,B'&/B/'%"'99('% ; /H9/+,/&@cA/: 47 %"/&#B9%B/) ;J55 ./*@T@ c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b) "4B%/57 .-#>",@ JJ; 7/55 4:,- ' ,$'9 ;:/A/$ %"-#5&"'A/ 7'55/: 4:,-)JJ "/ ,-5&B/@

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

8/$/J%"-? 4, /H9$/%%/% 4,%/57@ ;:' $/+/:, /H9/$4B/:,)P-/?/:%,/4: ,$4/& ,- 74:&-#,"-? 54C/5( 9/-95/B4>",./ ,-&':+/

$

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d)222 7//,) ':&(-#"'A/ ,- G#%, %4, ,"/$/':&%"4A/$ '55 :4>",?4,"-#, ' %5//94:>.'>-$?'$B+5-,"/%@M"/: ,"/ %#:+-B/%#9) (-#J$/"'57I7$-X/:) ':&(-#%'() JS/A/$ '>'4:@J !"/:(-#>/,.'+C ':& 4BB/&4',/5( %,'$, +$'A4:>>/,,4:>-#, '>'4:@JJ8/9#%"/% ,"/9-4:,V JJ; "'A/ ,$4/& ,- ,$'4:B(/B-,4-:%@JJ L#,"/'&B4,% ,"',"/B'(B'C/ ,"/ %'B/B4%,'C/%-:"4%:/H, ,$49@

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` 4%./,,/$ ,"':K9$45 ]`) ':&/A/$(,"4:> 4%./,,/$ ,"':'[/9#.54+': '&B4:4%,$',4-:JJF %//B,- 5/': 54./$,'$4': 4: $/>'$& ,-9#%"4:>':(C4:&-7 9$/%+$49,4A/ '>/:&'@ JJM/J$/ A/$() A/$(:/$A-#% '.-#,-A/$'995(4:> ,"/ $/%/'$+")JJ P-/?/:%,/4: %'(%@ JJ^#%, ./+'#%/?/ 74>#$/-#, ,"',eB'C/%9/-95/"'99(':& ,"/(J$/ +"--%4:>D)?/&-:J,?':, ,- 4B9-%/e-: ,"/B@ ;"'A/ '&4%+-B7-$,?4,"9',/$:'54%B':&?4,"#%4:> ,"/ $/%#5,% +-B4:> -#,-7 -#$ 74/5& ,- 4B9-%/&/+4%4-:%-:9/-95/@JJ

\,455)=45./$, ':&P-/?/:%,/4: +':J, +-:,'4: ,"/9/$%-:'5 ':&9"45-%-9"4+'5 U#/%,4-:% $'4%/&.( ,"/4$?-$C@K7,/$ ,'5C4:> ?4,".-,"B/:) ; 7-#:& 4, "'$&:-, ,-?-:&/$'.-#,B(-?:9$/&4+,4-:%', /A/$( ,#$:@K, ,4B/% 4, %//B/& 54C/ C:-?4:> ,"/

%

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

=45./$, %//B%-9,4B4%,4+ '.-#,#%4:> ,"/?-$C 4: ,/$B%-7 4B9$-A4:> JJ4:%,4,#,4-:'5 G#&>B/:,JJ II "-??/%9/:&"/'5," +'$/ &-55'$%) 7-$ /H'B95/ II .#, 5/%% %':>#4:/'.-#,#%4:> 4, ,- 4B9$-A/-#$9/$%-:'5 G#&>B/:,@8/'&B4,% ,"',"/"'% ,'C/: %-B/-7"4% $/%/'$+" ,-"/'$,Z 7-$ 4:%,':+/)"4%?-$C-:?"',"/ +'55% ,"/9%(+"-5->4+'5 4BB#:/%(%,/B"'% 5/&"4B ,- ./54/A/ ,"',"/?-#5&./'.5/ ,- '&'9, ,- /A/: ,"/?-$%, ,#$:-7 /A/:,%@ ;:'&&4,4-:) "/ %'(% ,"', "/:-?,'C/%B-$/ +"':+/% 4: 547/) ' 7'+, +-$$-.-$',/& 4:', 5/'%, -:/'%9/+, .("4% $/%/'$+"9'$,:/$!4BM45%-:)?"-%'(% ,"',&$4A4:>?4," =45./$, 4:L-%,-: 4% ' ,/$$47(4:>)?"4,/IC:#+C5/ /H9/$4/:+/@ JJL#, ; %"-#5&"'A/ 5/'$:/&B':(B-$/ 5/%%-:% 7$-BB( $/%/'$+" ,"': ; '+,#'55("'A/)JJ=45./$, '&B4,%@ JJ;JB>/,,4:>B'$$4/& 4: ,"/ %9$4:>./+'#%/ ,"4%?-B': 4% >-4:> ,-B'C/B/ "'99( 7-$/A/$) ':& ;C:-? 4,@JJ K, ,"4%)=45./$, 5'#>"%) ' %#&&/:).--B4:> 5'#>" ,"', 7455% "4%Q'B.$4&>/-774+/@8/%//B% ,- 74:& 4, 7#::(:-,./+'#%/ 4,J% #:,$#/) .#,./+'#%/:-,"4:>+-#5&./B-$/ ,$#/@!"4% 4%"-?"/ 7//5%@ JJ; &-:J, ,"4:C ;?':, ,- >4A/#9'55 ,"/%/B-,4A',4-:%)JJ "/ %'(%) JJ,"', ./54/7 ,"', ,"/$/J% ,"/>--&':& ,"/$/J% ,"/.'&':& ,"', ,"4% 4% ' +-:,/%, ,- ,$( ,->/, -:/':&'A-4& ,"/-,"/$@ ; &-:J, ,"4:C ;?':, ,- 5/'$: ,--B#+" 7$-BB($/%/'$+" 4: ,"', %/:%/@JJ

c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

JJR'(./ 4,J% 4B9-$,':, 7-$ ,"/$/ ,-./ +'$$-,% ':&%,4+C% 4: ,"/?-$5&) /A/: 47 ,"/( '$/ 455#%4-:%)JJ "/ '&&%@ JJ!"/(C//9#% B-A4:> ,-?'$&% +'$$-,% ':&'?'( 7$-B%,4+C%@JJ

6"-,-% E6"-,->$'9"%.(Q-54/:'[/:,B//%,/$ 7-$!"/S/?D-$C!4B/%F !"#$%&'#%& ()*+"#'&(,-'(#./&('%& 0"&1"#%23*.*4(#%5 A version of this article appeared in print on Sunday, September 7, 2003, on section 6 page 44 of the New York edition. &''()**+++,-.'/012,340*"55#*56*57*0898:/-1*'&1;<='/>1;(=?2=/';4<;&8((/-122,&'0>@(891+8-'1AB8>>