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Practice Question:

Date:

Article Number	Author and Date	Evidence Type	Sample, Sample Size, Setting	Findings That Help Answer the EBP Question	Observable Measures	Limitations	Evidence Level, Quality
1	Fisher-Hoch, 2015	Qualitative	2856 adult participants from the age of 18 years and above. The study involved Mexican Americans residing in the United States who are deemed as a disadvantaged population in United States. The samples were taken from Texas.	40 percent of diabetes cases among the population was undiagnosed, reflecting underdiagnoses of the disease. The risk factors associated to it were low income, low education levels. The cause identified was lack of insurance and access to healthcare facilities. The effects severe metabolic health challenges and increased number of heart diseases.	Over one third of the population has undiagnosed diabetes.	The main limitation to this research paper is its incorporation and representation of the entire population in United States. The research focuses on one of the minority population, Mexican Americans, in United States and thus, may not give a true picture of diabetes underdiagnoses in United States.	Level II
2	Gregg, 2004	Qualitative	The population was obtained from the five national surveys and comprised of a population between 20 and 27 years of age. The analysis was made to determine the percentage of undiagnosed cases of diabetes nationally in United States.	The research finds out that there is a substantial decrease in the number of undiagnosed cases of diabetes and an increase in diagnosis of diabetes over the last decades but the population of the undiagnosed cases is still high, indicating underdiagnoses. The underdiagnoses is attributed to lack of awareness, especially among people whose Body Mass Index is normal and thus, they may not detect the instances of diabetes as a result of high BMI.	There is a decrease in underdiagnoses of diabetes among people with high BMI but an increase of underdiagnoses on those with normal BMI.	The main limitations in the research paper is that it fails to give a clear statistic on the decrease or increase in underdiagnoses of diabetes among those with normal BMI. It also fails to give clear risk factors to the underdiagnoses of the diseases among those with normal BMI rates.	Level II

References

Fisher-Hoch, S. P., Vatcheva, K. P., Rahbar, M. H., & McCormick, J. B. (2015). Undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes in health disparities. PLoS One, 10(7), e0133135.

Gregg, E. W., Cadwell, B. L., Cheng, Y. J., Cowie, C. C., Williams, D. E., Geiss, L., ... & Vinicor, F. (2004). Trends in the prevalence and ratio of diagnosed to undiagnosed diabetes according to obesity levels in the US. Diabetes care, 27(12), 2806-2812.

Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice

Appendix G: Individual Evidence Summary Tool

The Johns Hopkins Hospital/ The Johns Hopkins University

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Directions for Use of the Individual Evidence Summary Tool

Purpose

This form is used to document the results of evidence appraisal in preparation for evidence synthesis. The form provides the EBP team with documentation of the sources of evidence used, the year the evidence was published or otherwise communicated, the information gathered from each evidence source that helps the team answer the EBP question, and the level and quality of each source of evidence.

Article Number

Assign a number to each reviewed source of evidence. This organizes the individual evidence summary and provides an easy way to reference articles.

Author and Date

Indicate the last name of the first author or the evidence source and the publication/communication date. List both author/evidence source and date.

Evidence Type

Indicate the type of evidence reviewed (for example: RCT, meta-analysis, mixed methods, quaLitative, systematic review, case study, narrative literature review).

Sample, Sample Size, and Setting

Provide a quick view of the population, number of participants, and study location.

Findings That Help Answer the EBP Question

Although the reviewer may find many points of interest, list only findings that directly apply to the EBP question.

Observable Measures

QuaNtitative measures or variables are used to answer a research question, test a hypothesis, describe characteristics, or determine the effect, impact, or influence. QuaLitative evidence uses cases, context, opinions, experiences, and thoughts to represent the phenomenon of study.

Limitations

Include information that may or may not be within the text of the article regarding drawbacks of the piece of evidence. The evidence may list limitations, or it may be evident to you, as you review the evidence, that an important point is missed or the sample does not apply to the population of interest.

Evidence Level and Quality

Using information from the individual appraisal tools, transfer the evidence level and quality rating into this column.