integrate the individual policies into one international policy document.

With the increasing population, climate change, and deteriorating water  quality, water security is becoming a key concern in most societies around the  world. Typically, water security is about ensuring that everyone in the society is  accessing to adequate and safe water at an affordable price to enhance health,  productive and dignified life (Rinkesh, 2018). Water security ensures that the  ecological systems are maintained appropriately, hence, leading to sustainable  development. If access to water is messed up, societies are largely affected and are  at risk of transmitting diseases and even dying. In fact, the growing water demands  and changing water supplies due to climate change have caused water scarcity.  Unless action is implemented soon, it could cost some societies up to 8% of their  GDP by 2050 (Castelo, 2018). Addressing this issue requires a proper and feasible  solution, which can be applied in any region. That being said, this paper focuses on  water security issue in Italy and presents an individually-tailored solution for  addressing this issue.  

In recent years, water supply is becoming a social and economic issue in  Italy, primarily because of increasing water demand and poor management  practices. While Italy has been experiencing rapid population growth, water  scarcity can be highly related to the effects of climate change on water resources  across regions in the country. These impacts have led to reductions in quantity,  quality, and availability of water, with rising frequency and intensity of droughts,  particularly in summer. There have been increased rate and severity of river flow  droughts, with yearly river flow decrease by up to 80% (Climatechangepost, 2019).  Besides, the recharge of groundwater demonstrates a decreasing trend, with  resultant reduction of fresh groundwater resources, specifically in coastal regions.  With these conditions, there is no adequate and accessible water for people, which  poses an acute risk of poor health and decreased sustainable development.  

It should be noted that water is at the core of sustainable growth and is  essential for socio-economic development, food, and energy production, and for  human existence itself. Therefore, as the issue of water scarcity continues to  escalate in Italy, it is crucial to develop and implement an appropriate solution. In  particular, Italy should focus on efforts to recharge groundwater, mainly in areas  where water scarcity is prevailing. Artificial groundwater recharging has been  proven to be one of the most effective approaches to solving water scarcity in many  regions (Castelo, 2018). As such, the process of recharge can either be a natural  process or human-induced process in the hydrological cycle. The government and  relevant agencies can inject wells in different areas or spread basins, with measures  for controlling waste disposal and irrigation. 

Recharging of water can also be implemented through aquifer recovery and  storage in areas experiencing water scarcity in Italy. Here, the groundwater is  recharged via surface infiltration into unconstrained, narrow aquifers  (Climatechangepost, 2019). The current technology can enable direct injection into  deeper aquifer systems, comprising those that have low-quality groundwater; thus, 

increasing accessibility in regions where there is inadequate water. A key limitation  to implementing this solution is blockage of openings from particulates, biofilm  formation, and chemical precipitation. Such limitation can lead to detrimental  implications on the quality of groundwater such as iron solubility and formation of  liquefied sulfides (Castelo, 2018). Despite the limitation, if the solution is  implemented and controlled appropriately, it can highly minimize the level of water  scarcity in the regions afflicted by this phenomenon.   

                       

References  Castelo, J. (2018). 9 Viable Water Scarcity Solutions for the 21st Century. Retrieved  

from ​https://worldwaterreserve.com/water-crisis/water-scarcity-solutions-for  -the-21st-century/ 

Climatechangepost. (2019). Fresh water resources in Italy. Retrieved from    https://www.climatechangepost.com/italy/fresh-water-resources/ 

Rinkesh, L. (2018). Causes, Effects and Solutions of Water Scarcity. Retrieved from   https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-of-water-s carcity.php