INFORMATION SYSTEM.

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Week 11

Information Systems in Organisations; E - waste and Green Computing

ISYS 111

Fundamentals of Business Information Systems

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E - waste and Green Computing

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Why are we doing this? By completing the activities in this week, you should be able to:

1. Explain what e-waste is and why it is a problem

2. Describe methods of e-waste disposal

3. Explain what green computing is and approaches towards green computing

4. Explain the purpose of transaction processing systems.

5. Explain the types of support information systems can provide for each

functional area of the organisation.

6. Identify advantages and drawbacks to businesses implementing an

enterprise resource planning system.

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7. Discuss the three major types of reports generated by the functional area

information systems and enterprise resource planning systems, providing

examples of each type.

8. Have the database skills to design database forms.

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Essential Questions

How can businesses and individuals minimise e-waste and practice green

computing?

How can TPSs, FAISs, and ERPs help businesses?

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What is e-waste?

• E-waste refers to electronic and electrical products such as computers,

TVs, fridges, photocopiers, printers, faxes, monitors, batteries, mobile

phones, etc., that have become unwanted, non-functional or obsolete,

and have essentially reached the end of their useful life.

• Some of these items can contain highly toxic substances such as lead,

mercury, arsenic, antimony trioxide, selenium, cadmium, cobalt, etc. The

toxic materials in electronics can damage the environment and cause

cancer, reproductive disorders, and many other health problems.

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Why is it a problem? • Some e-waste items can contain highly toxic substances such as lead,

mercury, arsenic, antimony trioxide, selenium, cadmium, cobalt, etc.

• When e-waste is sent to landfill, poisonous substances can leak into soil and water, and enter into the food chain, causing cancer, reproductive disorders, respiratory ailments, nervous system problems, etc.

• Some statistics*

• Australians are among the highest users of technology

• E-waste is one of the fasting growing types of waste

• E-waste is being sent to landfill at 3 times the rate of general waste

• 88% of the 4 million computers and 3 million TVs bought in Australia every year will end up in landfill.

• E-waste is responsible for 70% of toxic chemical found in landfill

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• Watch video: E-waste hell by Dateline *Source: E-waste Fact Sheet 2015, Clean Up Australia, http://www.cleanup.org.au/files/clean_up_australia_e-waste_factsheet.pdf

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Composition of e-waste

Source: EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research

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• Temperature exchange

equipment refrigerators, :

freezers, air conditioners…

• Large equipment washing :

machines, clothes dryers, dish

washing machines, electric

stoves, large printing

machines, copying equipment

• Small equipment : vacuum

cleaners, video cameras,

small electrical and electronic

tools…

• Small IT : mobile phones,

GPS, PCs, routers, printers,

telephones…

Source: Global e - waste Monitor 2017 Report,

United Nations University

44.7 Mt = 4500 Eiffel towels

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Composition of e-waste

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Methods of e-waste disposal

• Landfills

• Incineration

• Reuse

• Recycle (free and for a charge):

• Terracycle

• Drop Zone by MRI

• 1800EWaste

• E-waste Recycle Fact Sheet (2017)

• Mobile Phone Fact Sheet

• Watch: E-waste, recycling and sustainability by ABC

• The three ‘R’

• Reduce

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• Reuse

• Recycle

What is Green Computing • Green Computing refers to the practice of using computers and their

resources in an environmentally responsible way.

• It is the study of designing, engineering, manufacturing, using and disposing

of computing devices in a way that reduces their environmental impact.

• Its goals are:

• Reduce the use of hazardous materials

• Maximize energy efficiency during the product’s lifetime

• Promote recyclability or biodegradability of the product.

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Approaches towards Green Computing

• Green disposal: Re-purposing an existing computer or appropriately

disposing of, or recycling, unwanted electronic equipment.

• Green design: Designing energy efficient computers , servers , printers ,

projectors and other digital devices.

• Green manufacturing: Minimizing waste during the manufacturing of

computers and other subsystems to reduce the environmental impact of these

activities.

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• Green use: Minimizing the electricity consumption of computers and their

peripheral devices and using them in an eco-friendly manner.

Tips for Green Computing

• Turn off computer when not use

• Make use of power saving features

• Buy energy efficient notebook computers instead of desktop computers

• Buy energy efficient hardware

• Don’t buy new, refurbish (computer…), refill (printer cartridges…)

• Go digital (music, documents, photos…)

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• Recycle responsibly

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Information Systems in Organisations

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Information Systems

• There are many Information Systems within an organisation that support

internal processes.

• There are many different types of Information Systems.

• The most fundamental information systems is : Transaction Processing

Systems (TPS)

• Two other IS:

• Functional area management information systems

• Enterprise Resource Planning Systems

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Transaction Processing System

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TPSs continuously monitor, collect, store and process data generated from

all business transactions. It provide inputs to other information systems.

Processing data

Two techniques: • Batch processing: the company collects data from transactions as they occur,

placing them in groups or batches. The system then prepares and processes them in

batches.

• Online transaction processing (OLTP): business transactions are processed as soon

as they occur.

• Example?

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Functional area information systems

• Functional Area Information Systems (FAISs)

• Designed to support a functional area by increasing its internal effectiveness and efficiency

• Provide information mainly to lower- and middle-level managers in the functional areas via a variety of reports

• Examples:

• Information systems for accounting and finance

• Information systems for marketing

• Information systems for production/operations management (POM)

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• Information systems for human resources management

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Examples of information systems Figure 11.4

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supporting functional areas

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Enterprise resource planning systems

• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems

• Integrate the planning, management, and use of all

organisational resources

• Are designed to break down the information silos of

an organisation by integrating the functional areas of

the organisation and enabling seamless information

flows across them

• Have the same functionality as FAIS and produce

the same reports but in a more integrated form

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• Major ERP vendors

• SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft (owned by Oracle)

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ERP II system

Figure 11.5

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Activities

• Watch a video about ERP https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qys-562kp4

• A demo on ERP software: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1llOK23huas

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Benefits and limitations

of ERP systems

Benefits • Make organisations more flexible, agile, and adaptive

• Improve managers’ ability to make better, more timely decisions

• Improve quality of customer service, production, and distribution Limitations • May require organisations to change existing business processes to fit the predefined business

processes of the ERP software

• Implementing ERP can be complex, expensive, and time consuming

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Reports

All information systems generate reports

Routine reports • Produced at scheduled intervals

Ad hoc (on-demand) reports • Drill-down reports

• Users can click on an item in a report to see underlying details

• Key-indicator reports

• Summarise the performance of critical activities

• Comparative reports

• Provide comparisons across units and/or within the same unit over time

Exception reports

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• Include only information that falls outside certain threshold standards

Chapter Summary

This chapter focused on • E-waste problem and methods of e-waste disposal

• Green computing and approaches towards green computing

• The purpose of transaction processing systems

• The types of support information systems can provide

functional areas of an organisation

• The advantages and drawbacks of ERP systems

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• The three major types of reports generated in an

organisation