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I N T R O D U C T I O N T O A P A A N D

W R I T I N G C E N T E R

R E S O U R C E S

Walden University Writing Center

C U R R E N T W R I T I N G C E N T E R S L I D E D E C K S

Current slide decks for Writing Center-led

sessions can be found on the Writing

Center’s website

Writing Center’s Residencies

Webpage

Let’s find them together!

Introduction to the Writing Center

APA Overview

Reference List Entries

Citations

Academic Integrity and Avoiding Plagiarism

A G E N D A

Writing Center Overview

W H O I S T H E W R I T I N G C E N T E R ?

Our mission: “The Walden University Writing Center

supports learners in understanding and

developing scholarly writing skills needed for academic,

civic, and global engagement.”

Writing, APA, and grammar experts here to help you

succeed at Walden

W R I T I N G C E N T E R W E B S I T E O V E R V I E W

Writing Support

Asynchronous paper reviews with a writing

instructor

Live and recorded webinars

Interactive modules

writingsupport @waldenu.edu

Other writing resources: Use the search bar

or Quick Answers search

A C T I V I T Y

APA Poll

W H Y A P A ? ( P A R T 1 )

Why do you think we use

APA style at Walden and

as academic writers?

W H Y A P A ? ( P A R T 2 )

Using traditional language of social

sciences

Entering a community of scholars

Creating credibility for you as the author

“Uniform style helps us scan articles quickly for key points and findings. Rules of style in scientific writing

encourage full disclosure of essential information and allow us to dispense with minor distractions” (American

Psychological Association, 2012, para. 1).

W H Y C I T E A N D R E F E R E N C E ?

References and citations are ultimately

for your reader.

Cite and reference any source that

you summarize, paraphrase, or

quote in your paper.

…(Cook, 2015).

According to Cook (2015)…

Cook, A. F. (2015). Online writing

instruction in the past 10 years.

Routledge.

R E F E R E N C E S A N D C I T A T I O N S O V E R V I E W

References

Citations

R E F E R E N C E L I S T : B A S I C F O R M A T T I N G

APA 7

• Double spaced

• Hanging indents

• Font variations

• Alphabetized

• No bold

• No ALL CAPS

R E F E R E N C E L I S T E X A M P L E

References

Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences. Educational

Leadership, 76(1), 26-33.

Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in

storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial

groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3),

207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

Rabinowitz, F. E. (2019). Deepening group psychotherapy with men: Stories and

insights for the journey. American Psychological Association.

https://doi.org/10.1037/0000132-000

Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin

Books.

R E F E R E N C E E N T R I E S : B O O K S

Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Year).

Title of the book is italicized in sentence

case. Publisher.

Truss, L. (2006). Eats, shoots & leaves: The

zero tolerance approach to punctuation.

Gotham Books.

R E F E R E N C E E N T R I E S : B O O K E X A M P L E

R E F E R E N C E E N T R I E S : W E B P A G E S

Author of the Webpage or Organization that Published the

Website Goes Here. (Year, Month Day). Title of the

work here in italics and sentence case. Website Name.

www.URLofthewebpagehere.com

Webpage References Activity:

Craft an APA 7th Edition reference entry for this webpage

https://www.nea.org/stu dent-success/engaged-

families- communities/family-

support

Author of the Webpage or Organization that

Published the Website Goes Here. (Year,

Month Day). Title of the work here in

italics. Website Name.

www.URLofthewebpagehere.com

National Education Association. (n.d.). Family

support: Parents and caregivers are crucial to the

education and growth of children.

https://www.nea.org/student-success/engaged-

families-communities/family-support

W E B P A G E R E F E R E N C E S A C T I V I T Y :

C O R R E C T A P A 7 T H E D I T I O N F O R M A T

R E F E R E N C E E N T R I E S : J O U R N A L A R T I C L E S

Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the article goes

here: Capitalize following sentence case guidelines.

Title of the Journal is Italicized and Follows Title Case

Guidelines, Volume(Issue), page-page.

https://doi.org/... [OR] Nothing

H O W T O F I N D T H E D O I O F A J O U R N A L A R T I C L E

1. Look at the first few pages of the article and try to locate the DOI there.

2. Go to https://www.crossref.org/guestquery and fill out the boxes with the

article information.

3. If you find the DOI, add that to your reference list.

4. If the journal article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research

database, end the reference after the page range. The reference, in this

case, is the same as for a print journal article.

J O U R N A L R E F E R E N C E S A C T I V I T Y : C R E A T E A N A P A 7 T H E D I T I O N R E F E R E N C E

E N T R Y F O R T H I S J O U R N A L A R T I C L E

“The Reasons Students Choose to Undertake a Nursing Degree”

Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the article

goes here: Capitalize following sentence case

guidelines. Title of the Journal is Italicized and

Follows Title Case Guidelines, Volume(Issue),

page-page. https://doi.org/... [OR] Nothing

Wilkes, L., Cowin, L., & Johnson, M. (2015). The

reasons students choose to undertake a nursing

degree. Collegian, 22(3), 259-265.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2014.01.003

J O U R N A L R E F E R E N C E S A C T I V I T Y :

C O R R E C T A P A 7 T H E D I T I O N F O R M A T

R E F E R E N C E L I S T R E S O U R C E S

• Search the Writing Center website and use Quick Answers

• Common Reference List Entries page

• Academic Skills Center Skills and Success Strategies webpage, including MS Word help

• APA Course Paper Template

U P N E X T : C I T A T I O N S !

(Author, year)

Author (year)

C R A F T I N G C I T A T I O N S F R O M A R E F E R E N C E E N T R Y

Reference List Entry:

Rabinowitz, F. E. (2019). Deepening group

psychotherapy with men: Stories and insights for

the journey. American Psychological Association.

https://doi.org/10.1037/0000132-000

Citations: Narrative: Rabinowitz (2019)…

Parenthetical: (Rabinowitz, 2019)

C I T A T I O N S : O V E R V I E W

How do you create citations?

• Adapt from reference entries

• Narrative: Author (Year)

• Parenthetical: (Author, Year)

What do you cite?

• Quotes

• Paraphrases

• Summaries

W H Y C I T E ?

To give credit

To allow others to replicate or explore your research

To improve your credibility as an author and give validity to your arguments

To avoid academic integrity violations or unintentional plagiarism

Narrative Citations Parenthetical Citations

The author is part of the grammatical

construction of the sentence. Authors'

names are listed in the sentence.

The author is not part of the grammatical

construction of the sentence. All citation

elements are in parentheses.

Johnson and Marx (2017) found… …(Johnson & Marx, 2017).

Johnson and Marx (2017) found

“quote” (p. xx). …(Johnson & Marx, 2017, p. xx).

C I T A T I O N S E X A M P L E S P A R T 1

Narrative Citations Parenthetical Citations

Martin and Bretag (2017) found that

students have high anxiety about

learning APA.

Students have high anxiety about

learning APA (Martin & Bretag,

2017).

Martin and Bretag (2017) suggested

that “students frequently used

avoidance strategies to avoid using

APA in their writing” (p. 57).

Similarly, “students frequently used

avoidance strategies to avoid using

APA in their writing” (Martin &

Bretag, 2017, p. 57).

C I T A T I O N E X A M P L E S P A R T 2

C I T A T I O N S Q U I Z : W H I C H O N E O F T H E S E C I T A T I O N S

I S F O R M A T T E D C O R R E C T L Y ?

• Shiell noted that APA can take time to learn (Shiell, 2017).A

• Shiell noted that APA can take time to learn (2017).B

• Shiell (2017) noted that APA can take time to learn.C

C I T A T I O N S Q U I Z : W H I C H O N E O F T H E S E C I T A T I O N S

I S F O R M A T T E D C O R R E C T L Y ? C I S F O R M A T T E D C O R R E C T L Y !

• Shiell noted that APA can take time to learn (Shiell, 2017).A

• Shiell noted that APA can take time to learn (2017).B

• Shiell (2017) noted that APA can take time to learn.C

C I T A T I O N N U A N C E S : A N D V S . &

Use the & symbol in parenthetical citations and in reference list entries

• Citation: (Walker & Shiell, 2018)

• Reference entry: Walker, B. & Shiell, A. (2018).

Spell out and in narrative citations

• According to Walker and Shiell (2018), …

C I T A T I O N N U A N C E S : E T A L .

Never use et al. when there are only one or two authors

Always use et al. for sources with three or

more authors

Students can learn APA quickly by looking up APA rules and keeping

a journal of APA errors (Everling et al., 2017).

According to Galloway and Furness (2020), graduate students found

newer APA rules to be more clear, concise, and easy to remember.

C I T A T I O N N U A N C E S : C I T I N G D I R E C T L Y Q U O T E D M A T E R I A L

Use a page number, paragraph number, or

heading or section name with your citations

when you

use a direct quotation.

want to direct a reader to a specific page or area of a

work.

Examples:

… (Samson, 2015, p. 201).

Smith and Carlson (2017) stated…

(para. 4).

…(Anderson, 2019, Teaching

Writing section).

Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J.

(2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of

storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the

United States. Psychology of Popular Media

Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

C I T A T I O N A C T I V I T Y : I N S T R U C T I O N S

C R E A T E A N A P A 7 T H E D I T I O N P A R E N T H E T I C A L O R N A R R A T I V E C I T A T I O N F O R A P A R A P H R A S E O F T H I S S O U R C E

C I T A T I O N A C T I V I T Y : A N S W E R S C R E A T E A P A R E N T H E T I C A L O R

N A R R A T I V E C I T A T I O N F O R A P A R A P H R A S E O F T H I S S O U R C E .

C O R R E C T A P A 7 T H E D I T I O N F O R M A T :

Narrative Parenthetical

Grady et al. (2019) … (Grady et al., 2019).

E N S U R I N G A C A D E M I C I N T E G R I T Y

Responsibility

Knowledge

Honesty

P L A G I A R I S M D E F I N E D A T W A L D E N

What is Plagiarism?

• As stated in the Walden University (2020) Code of Conduct, “plagiarism is defined as use of intellectual material produced by another person without acknowledging its source,” and it includes:

• “Wholesale copying of passages from works of others into an assignment, paper, discussion board posting, or thesis or dissertation without acknowledgment;

• Using the views, opinions, or insights of another without acknowledgment; and/or

• Paraphrasing another person’s characteristic or original phraseology, metaphor, or other literary device without acknowledgment” (para. 12).

P E R C E P T I O N S O F P L A G I A R I S M A C R O S S C U L T U R E S

Walden and APA adhere to the Western understanding of academic integrity, which places emphasis on giving

credit to the original author of an idea.

Depending on your academic background, you may have learned concepts of idea

attribution that differ from these.

Review the policy and the resources here to ensure you are following the

citing conventions of APA and Walden.

C O M M O N A C C I D E N T A L P L A G I A R I S M P R O B L E M S

Citations

• Not enough citations

• Improper/misleading citation formatting

• Missing citations

Paraphrases

• Original material is quoted and cited, but there are no quotation marks and nothing was changed

• A few words were changed here and there but sentence structure same

• Original text is paraphrased but does not have a citation

T W O O P T I O N S F O R U S I N G S O U R C E I N F O R M A T I O N

Quote the original material:

• Use quotation marks and copy/paste the quote exactly

• Cite the source and include a page or paragraph number

• Provide a reference entry for the source

Paraphrase the original material:

• Use your own words and own sentence structure when providing an explanation and interpretation of the source material

• Cite the source

• Provide a reference entry for the source

R E F L E C T O N Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G O F A P A W I T H Y O U R P E E R S

What was the most important thing you learned about APA

today?

Which APA rules do

you plan to utilize in

your writing practice

right away?

C O U R S E S T O H E L P Y O U W I T H A P A S K I L L S

CAEX

6200/6201:

Basic APA

Style

Citations

References

Paper

formatting

• The Center for Academic Excellence

offers course-based support to

students in APA

• 4 weeks

• $195 tuition per course

• CAEX Website

• Email:

[email protected]

W R I T I N G H E L P B E Y O N D R E S I D E N C I E S

• Visit the Writing Center’s Website

• Email us at [email protected]

Questions?