Management Information Systems(Discussion 3)
shalinidesha
IntroductoryPowerPointPresentation.pptxManagement Information Systems
Presented by:
Dr. Rickey Casey
Welcome to Class
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What is Management?
The organization and coordination of the activities of a business in order to achieve defined objectives.
Management is often included as a factor of production along with� machines, materials, and money. According to the management guru Peter Drucker (1909-2005), the basic task of management includes both marketing and innovation. Practice of modern management originates from the 16th century study of low-efficiency and failures of certain enterprises, conducted by the English statesman Sir Thomas More (1478-1535).
What is Management
Management is the process of reaching organizational goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources.
Management has the following 3 characteristics:
It is a process or series of continuing and related activities.
It involves and concentrates on reaching organizational goals.
It reaches these goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources.
Vision and Mission
Goals and Objectives
What is Management?
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS:
The 4 basic management functions that make up the management process are described in the following sections:
PLANNING
ORGANIZING
INFLUENCING
CONTROLLING.
What is Management?
PLANNING: Planning involves choosing tasks that must be performed to attain organizational goals, outlining how the tasks must be performed, and indicating when they should be performed.
Planning activity focuses on attaining goals. Managers outline exactly what organizations should do to be successful. Planning is concerned with the success of the organization in the short term as well as in the long term.
ORGANIZING:
Organizing can be thought of as assigning the tasks developed in the planning stages, to various individuals or groups within the organization. Organizing is to create a mechanism to put plans into action.
People within the organization are given work assignments that contribute to the company’s goals. Tasks are organized so that the output of each individual contributes to the success of departments, which, in turn, contributes to the success of divisions, which ultimately contributes to the success of the organization.
What is Management?
INFLUENCING:
Influencing is also referred to as motivating,leading or directing.Influencing can be defined as guiding the activities of organization members in he direction that helps the organization move towards the fulfillment of the goals.
The purpose of influencing is to increase productivity. Human-oriented work situations usually generate higher levels of production over the long term than do task oriented work situations because people find the latter type distasteful.
CONTROLLING:
Controlling is the following roles played by the manager:
Gather information that measures performance
Compare present performance to pre established performance norms.
Determine the next action plan and modifications for meeting the desired performance parameters.
Controlling is an ongoing process.
Motivation
HOW DO WE IN MANAGEMENT MOTIVATE?
What do you think?????
I want to share with you a way to evaluate motivation in the company you are working for.
What is Information?
Information, as we know it today, includes both electronic and physical information. The organizational structure must be capable of managing this information throughout the information lifecycle regardless of source or format (data, paper documents, electronic documents, audio, video, etc.) for delivery through multiple channels that may include cell phones and web interfaces.
Medical
Financial
Operations Management
Supply chain and logistics
HR
What is Information?
Data that is (1) accurate and timely, (2) specific and organized for a purpose, (3) presented within a context that gives it meaning and relevance, and (4) can lead to an increase in understanding and decrease in uncertainty.
Information is valuable because it can affect behavior, a decision, or an outcome. For example, if a manager is told his/her company's net profit decreased in the past month, he/she may use this information as a reason to cut financial spending for the next month. A piece of information is considered valueless if, after receiving it, things remain unchanged.
COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Did you know . . .
Avatar, the movie, took over 4 yrs to make and cost $450 million
Lady Gaga’s real name is Joanne Angelina Germanotta
It costs $2.6 million for a 30-second advertising time slot during the Super Bowl
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Why do you think you need to study management information systems?
Technology is everywhere in business
Be sure to point-out that these are business magazines, not technology magazines, and yet they are filled with technology
CLASSROOM EXERCISE
Understanding the Relevance of Technology In Business
This is a great exercise to begin the course. It clearly demonstrates why anyone involved in business must understand technology. It can be a real revelation for students who do not see the need for taking an IT course.
Bring in several copies of BusinessWeek, Fortune, Fast Company, or any popular business magazine. The magazines do not have to be current. Provide a marking tool such as a small set of Post-It Notes. Ask for a few volunteers and have the students review the magazine and stick a Post-It Note on each technology-related article, advertisement, etc. When the student has completed this task, the magazine will be covered in Post-it Notes, clearly demonstrating that technology is everywhere in business, even in the popular business magazines such as BusinessWeek.
Since this task can be time consuming, you can put in the Post-It Notes prior to class and simply show your students the completed magazine. You can have one student sit in the front of the class and begin the exercise, placing Post-It Notes on a copy of BusinessWeek. After they have completed several pages on their own, you can produce the same “completed” magazine with all of the Post-It Notes. This saves classroom time and still reinforces the point that technology is everywhere in business.
Be sure to reinforce that these are business magazines, not technology magazines. Yet they are completely filled with technology – which is clearly demonstrated by the Post-It Notes. How can any business student today possibly argue that they do not need to know or understand technology when faced with a magazine, such as BusinessWeek, that is filled with technology? Read a few of the articles or advertisements. Ask how many of your students are familiar with Siebel, Oracle, or PeopleSoft and can articulate what they can do for a company?
The goal of this course is to help your students understand the business side of technology. Being able to understand all of the technology articles in BusinessWeek is one of the benefits your students will receive upon completion of the course.
What are systems?
A set of detailed methods, procedures and routines created to carry out a specific activity, perform a duty, or solve a problem.
2.An organized, purposeful structure that consists of interrelated and interdependent elements (components, entities, factors, members, parts etc.). These elements continually influence one another (directly or indirectly) to maintain their activity and the existence of the system, in order to achieve the goal of the system.
All systems have (a) inputs, outputs and feedback mechanisms, (b) maintain an internal steady-state (called homeostasis) despite a changing external environment, (c) display properties that are different than the whole (called emergent properties) but are not possessed by any of the individual elements, and (d) have boundaries that are usually defined by the system observer.
What is a Management Information System?
A management information system (MIS) is a computerized database of financial information organized and programmed in such a way that it produces regular reports on operations for every level of management in a company. It is usually also possible to obtain special reports from the system easily. The main purpose of the MIS is to give managers feedback about their own performance; top management can monitor the company as a whole. Information displayed by the MIS typically shows "actual" data over against "planned" results and results from a year before; thus it measures progress against goals.
What is an MIS
The MIS receives data from company units and functions. Some of the data are collected automatically from computer-linked check-out counters; others are keyed in at periodic intervals. Routine reports are preprogrammed and run at intervals or on demand while others are obtained using built-in query languages; display functions built into the system are used by managers to check on status at desk-side computers connected to the MIS by networks. Many sophisticated systems also monitor and display the performance of the company's stock.
Factors that contribute to a successful MIS System
Factors Contributing to Success
If a MIS is to be success then it should have all the features listed as follows:
The MIS is integrated into the managerial functions. It sets clear objectives to ensure that the MIS focuses on the major issues of the business.
An appropriate information processing technology required to meet the data processing and analysis needs of the users of the MIS is selected.
The MIS is oriented, defined and designed in terms of the user's requirements and its operational viability is ensured.
The MIS is kept under continuous surveillance, so that its open system design is modified according to the changing information needs.
MIS focuses on the results and goals, and highlights the factors and reasons for non achievement.
MIS is not allowed to end up into an information generation mill avoiding the noise in the information and the communication system.
The MIS recognizes that a manager is a human being and therefore, the systems must consider all the human behavioral factors in the process
of the management.
Factors that contribute to a successful MIS System
The MIS recognizes that the different information needs for different objectives must be met with. The globalization of information in isolation
from the different objectives leads to too much information and information and its non-use.
The MIS is easy to operate and, therefore, the design of the MIS has such features which make up a user-friendly design.
MIS recognizes that the information needs become obsolete and new needs emerge. The MIS design, therefore, has a basic potential capability to
quickly meet new needs of information.
The MIS concentrates on developing the information support to manager critical success factors. It concentrates on the mission critical applications
serving the needs of the top management.
Factors that cause and MIS System to Fail
The MIS is conceived as a data processing and not as an information processing system.
The MIS does not provide that information which is needed by the managers but it tends to provide the information generally the function calls for. The MIS then becomes
an impersonal system.
Underestimating the complexity in the business systems and not recognizing it in the MIS design leads to problems in the successful implementation.
Adequate attention is not given to the quality control aspects of the inputs, the process and the outputs leading to insufficient checks and controls in the MIS.
The MIS is developed without streamlining the transaction processing systems in the organization.
Factors that cause and MIS System to Fail
Lack of training and appreciation that the users of the information and the generators of the data are different, and they have to play an important
responsible role in the MIS.
The MIS does not meet certain critical and key factors of its users such as a response to the query on the database, an inability to get the
processing done in a particular manner, lack of user-friendly system and the dependence on the system personnel.
A belief that the computerized MIS can solve all the management problems of planning and control of the business.
What causes and MIS to Fail
Lack of administrative discipline in following the standardized systems and procedures, wrong coding and deviating from the system
specifications result in incomplete and incorrect information.
The MIS does not give perfect information to all the users in the organization.
Now we have broken down MIS
Before we move on, I would like for us to select our groups
We will do this by class.
I would like to have 4 per group.
We will use the groups today and for the class paper.
