PERSONAL CONCEPT MAPPING
Babalola1
introductiontoearthsciencenotesdue2.1.20.pdf
Introduction to Earth Science © Mark Place, www.LearnEarthScience.com 2009 – 2010
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OBJECTIVES
Correctly define: observation, inference, classification, percent deviation, density, rate of change, cyclic change, dynamic equilibrium, interface, mass, volume GRAPHICAL RELATIONSHIPS
o Graphically demonstrate the difference between direct, inverse, cyclic, and non- relationships. o Classify events as cyclic or non-cyclic. o Associate the words “cyclic” and “predictable”. o Be able to state in words the relationship between two variables.
OBSERVATIONS, INFERENCES AND CLASSIFICATION
o Give an example of an observation. o Develop an inference based on collected data. o Classify objects based on their similarities or differences.
DENSITY, MASS, VOLUME
o Explain how density, mass and volume change as an object is heated, cooled or split apart. o Calculate the density of regularly shaped and irregularly-shaped objects. o Graphically show the relationship between temperature and density for: (1) water (2) all other objects o State the temperature at which water is most dense and whether a object will sink or float in water based
on its density. o State the phase of matter in which most materials are most and least dense.
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
o State the most common instruments used to measure the: (1) volume of regular, rectangular objects, (2) volume of irregularly shaped objects, (3) mass of objects, (4) distance between objects, and (5) time.
REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES
o Give real-life examples of a system in dynamic equilibrium, an interface, and three cyclic events. FORMULAS AND WORD PROBLEMS
o Mathematically solve volume, density, percent deviation, and rate of change problems using the Earth Science Reference Tables.
o Be able to record answers to the nearest tenth, hundredth, and thousandth.
Name:
Introduction to Earth Science © Mark Place, www.LearnEarthScience.com 2009 – 2010
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Classification:
Cyclic Change:
Density:
Dynamic Equilibrium:
Inference:
Interface:
Mass:
Observation:
Percent deviation:
Rate of Change:
Volume:
Introduction to Earth Science © Mark Place, www.LearnEarthScience.com 2009 – 2010
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COMMON INSTRUMENT VOLUME OF REGULAR, RECTANGULAR OBJECTS (A BOX)
VOLUME OF IRREGULARLY SHAPED OBJECTS (ROCKS) MASS
DISTANCE TIME
Using the Earth Science Reference Tables, write the formula for each of the items below: density: percent error (deviation): rate of change:
What does it mean if you are asked to record your answer: a. to the nearest tenth? Example:
b. to the nearest hundredth? Example: c. to the nearest thousandth? Example:
Introduction to Earth Science © Mark Place, www.LearnEarthScience.com 2009 – 2010
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A. Direct Relationship. As one variable increases, the other ______________________. Examples:
B. Indirect Relationship As one variable increases, the other ________________________. Examples: C. Cyclic Relationship As one variable increases, the other ____________________________ ___________________________________________________________
*Events that are cyclic are also _______________________________!
Examples: D. No relationship. As one variable increases, the other ______________________. Examples:
Introduction to Earth Science © Mark Place, www.LearnEarthScience.com 2009 – 2010
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State in words the relationship between relief and the average rate of erosion as shown in the graph.
State in words the relationship between Air Temperature and Relative Humidity.
Introduction to Earth Science © Mark Place, www.LearnEarthScience.com 2009 – 2010
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What is used to make an observation? After observations have been collected. What does it mean to make an inference? Give examples of how scientists use classification systems.
MASS: Name the common scientific instrument used to measure mass: If an object is heated, what happens to its mass? Why? If an object has a mass of 240g on Earth, its mass on the moon will be (more, less, the same). Why? VOLUME of a regular rectangular object: What instrument would be used to measure this object’s volume? What is the formula for finding the volume of this object?
Calculate the volume of this object to the nearest tenth of a cubic centimeter. Show all formulas.
3.2 cm
4.0 cm
12.3 cm
Introduction to Earth Science © Mark Place, www.LearnEarthScience.com 2009 – 2010
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VOLUME of an irregularly shaped object: What instrument would a student use to measure the volume of an object such as a rock? Describe the process you would use. DENSITY of All Objects EXCEPT WATER:
DENSITY = HOW TIGHTLY PACKED THE ATOMS ARE When an object is heated, it _______________________ and the atoms become (more, less) packed. Therefore the object becomes (more, less) dense. When an object is cooled, it _______________________ and the atoms become (more, less) packed. Therefore the object becomes (more, less) dense. What happens to the density of an object when it is split into smaller parts? Why? What is the formula for density? Sample problems: 1. A rock has a mass of 240g and a volume of 12cm³. Showing all formulas and calculations, determine the density of the rock. Record your answer to the nearest tenth. 2. The box below has a mass of 120g. Showing all formulas and calculations, determine the density of the box. Record your answer to the nearest tenth. 2.0 cm
10.0 cm
2.0 cm
Introduction to Earth Science © Mark Place, www.LearnEarthScience.com 2009 – 2010
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3. If the empty container has a mass of 100g and the filled container has a mass of 250g. What is the density of the liquid inside? Record your answer to the nearest tenth. Show all work below.
DENSITY OF WATER: Water is most dense at ___________°C. This is because water ______________ above and below this temperature. Draw the graph showing the density of water versus the temperature of water. The density of water when it is most dense is: ______________________ g/mL FLOAT OR SINK? Any material with a density greater than water will _______________________________. Any material with a density less than water will __________________________________. Example. If an object has a mass of 25g and a volume of 50mL, will it sink or float in liquid water? Why? Show all work below. PHASES OF MATTER AND DENSITY During which phase of matter (solid, liquid or gas) are most materials: most dense?________________ least dense?________________
Introduction to Earth Science © Mark Place, www.LearnEarthScience.com 2009 – 2010
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Give a real life, earth science example of a system that is in dynamic equilibrium.
Give a real-life, earth science example of an interface.
Give three, real-life, earth science examples of cyclic events.
