Intervention
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InterventionandImplementationofPrograms.pptxIntervention Development
HSCI 441
Interventions
Intervention--the program or combination of activities that is implemented in order to facilitate change.
Strategies/Activities--the specific events, experiences, components that collectively form the intervention.
Intervention Considerations
Program outcomes expressed as objectives
Process
Impact
Outcome
Considerations
Review of past experiences:
What types of programs have been used in past?
Are they successful?
What needs to be changed/added/deleted?
Available resources
internal and external
Considerations for Deciding Change Targets
Time Frame
Direction of Change
Magnitude of Change
Measuring Change
Types of Interventions
Macro
planned and implemented for a group of people
community-wide
Micro
planned and implemented for individuals
may be group interventions
Intervention Types
Multiple vs. One-shot interventions
Multiple intervention yields best results:
same message in a variety of ways
appealing to different learning styles
constant exposure to messages
appeal to different senses
Teaching Learners
“When students cannot learn the way we teach them, we must teach them the way they learn.”
Multiple Intelligences-Learning Styles
Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence
Logical/Mathematical Intelligence
Visual/Spatial Intelligence
Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence
Musical/Rhythmical Intelligence
Interpersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Naturalist Intelligence
Existentialist Intelligence
1. Linguistic Intelligence - language, speech, reading, and writing.
2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence – science,logic, math, numbers.
3. Spatial Intelligence - the capacity to perceive the visual world accurately-to transform, modify, and recreate aspects of one's visual world.
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic - the ability to think in movement-one who is skilled with one's body.
5. Musical Intelligence - the ability to think in sound-to hear without auditory stimuli
6. Interpersonal Intelligence - the capacity to notice and make distinctions among other individuals-how you relate to others.
7. Intrapersonal Intelligence - the knowledge of self-the ability to draw upon your own feelings to guide your own behavior.
8. Naturalist Intelligence - the appreciation of the natural world of the natural world.
9. Existentialist Intelligence - the appreciation of context of where humankind stands in the "big picture" of existence.
Options for Learning Activities
Case Method
Computers
Debates
Demonstrations
Field Trips
Games
Mentoring
Lecturing
Models
Panel Presentations
Problem Solving
Tests
Projects
Role Playing
Storytelling
Write to learn
Levels & Types of Interventions
Types:
Educational
Behavior Modification
Environmental Change
Regulatory
Community Advocacy
Communication
Economic
Health Status
Social
Organizational Cultural
Levels: Community, Group, Individual
Intervention Activities
Using established program components
Creativity
Matching to appropriateness based on program and population characteristics
Intervention Activities
The longer the intervention the greater the number of strategies
Basic is usually the best way to start
The more complex the behavior the more varied the strategies
Most Frequently Used Activities
Communication
Education
Behavior Modification
Environmental Change
Regulatory
Social
Communication Activities
Inform and Influence
Speaking, reading, writing, FB, Twitter, etc.
Range of informal to formal
Stand alone or complementary
Most effective at:
Increasing awareness
Increasing knowledge
Changing/Reinforcing attitudes
Maintaining Interest
Educational Activities
Learning Experiences (Knowledge, Skills)
Formal or Informal
Courses, Seminars, Workshops
Brochures, Supplemental Written Materials
Internet-Based Learning
Most Effective At:
Increasing Knowledge
Supporting Attitude Change
Enhancing Skill Development
Behavior Modification
Individual Level Interventions
Focused on Specific Behavior/Behavior Pattern
Change in behavior
Health Status
Screenings
Based on altering stimuli and reinforcing consequences
Transtheoretical Model
Environmental Activities
Altering or controlling environment to support changes in knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, skills
“forced choice” vs. voluntary choice activities
Environmental Activities
Most effective at:
Supporting Skills and Behavior Modification
Facilitating Knowledge Increase
Facilitating Attitude Change
Regulatory Activities
Policy/Regulation Changes
Often considered mandates
Regulatory Activities
Controversial in nature
Should be community-driven
Clear communication upon initiation
Social Activities
Complementary
Social Support
“Buddy” Programs
Sports/Recreational Events
Social Activities
Most effective at:
Supporting behavior modification
Supporting attitude change
Selecting Activities
Define Determinants From Assessment
Categorize Determinants
Attitude, Skill, Knowledge, Behavior, Policy
Selecting Activities
Consider Past Program Effectiveness
Existing Interventions
Consider Cultural/Social Characteristics of Population
Unintended Consequences
Implementing Program
HSCI 441
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Who are the targets of intervention?
Population at risk
Population in need
Developing program
Mission
Goals
Objectives
Building Capacity for Community Change
Interventions
Intervention--the program or combination of activities that is implemented in order to facilitate change.
Strategies/Activities--the specific events, experiences, components that collectively form the intervention.
macro or micro
multiple or one-shot
Financial Management
Program Funding
Grants Management & Application
Budgeting
Audits
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Program Marketing
Social Marketing (aim social good)
Attract program participants
Keep participants informed
Initiate movement among non-participants
Product = Behavior
Buyer/Consumer = Priority Group
Seller = Program Planner
Program Theory
How is a given program, policy or intervention supposed to work?
What the program actually does
What is the actual goal
Logic Models
Reflect a “Theory of Change”
What are the stages of a logic model?
INPUTS
ACTIVITIES
OUTPUTS
OUTCOMES
The first steps in the design and evaluation of any intervention
Needs Assessment
Stakeholders
Logic Model
The Evaluation Hierarchy
Is the program needed?
Does it have a sound theory ?
Are people doing what they say?
Does the program have outcomes & impact?
Is the program design valid?
Is it cost-effective
Forms of evaluator-stakeholder relationship:
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Independent
Collaborative
Empowerment
Length of evaluation
Short
Medium
Long
