Annotated Bibliography and Outline

I would like to provide a bit of guidance regarding your Module 4 synthesis paper. You are going to use the outline you created within the assignment to craft your Module 4 paper. You should not include any direct quotations or copy and paste directly from the articles within that paper. Remember, at the doctoral level, we focus on paraphrasing in our own words and citing appropriately rather than using direct quotations. Also, please do not think that direct quotations equals synthesis because it is exactly the opposite.

Many people are very intimidated by the word “synthesis” and think that is something that they have never heard of or certainly not ever practiced before but I would contend that you actually practice synthesis every day, you just don’t use the “fancy” word. Synthesis is not simply reporting what the author’s stated, rather when we practice synthesis, we are supporting our OWN writing by using the author’s as our research support. For example, if you have ever heard a sermon (or preached one ), the minister is practicing synthesis. The Bible is generally the primary source but they are taking the portion of scripture and making meaning that is applicable to the listener. I do not know about you but I have never been church where they simply read a passage of scripture and then sent me home to figure out how to apply it; rather, the minister breaks down the passage (using many other resources during his/her study time) and helps the listener make meaning and application in their own life.

I challenge you to attempt to write your Module 4 paper with this technique in mind. Do your best and do not expect perfection. This is truly on your 2nd paper of your doctoral journey. It will not be perfect and I do not expect it to be. This is a journey and each step along the way provides for learning opportunities that stretch and grow us. Above all, do not stress about the word SYNTHESIS. Take a breath and see it for what it is – a learning and growing opportunity.

I want to remind you that at this point you need to focus not only on the content of your writing but the writing mechanics, as well (syntax, sentence structure, grammar, writing in 3rd person, etc.). Please make sure to proofread your paper preferably reading your work out loud to catch grammar and awkward wording. Conduct spell and grammar checks prior to final submission AND MAKE THE NECESSARY CHANGES. Failure to do so can imply a lack of attention to detail.

Also, please take a look at, and familiarize yourself with, the rubric that will be used to grade your weeks 4 Synthesis paper so you can keep those elements in mind as you compose your paper.

Here are a few resources on SYNTHESIS that you may find helpful:

Annotated Bibliography

LDR 802

November 04, 2020,

Title of the Assignment here in Bold

Antonakis, J., Fenley, M., & Liechti, S. (2011). Can Charisma Be Taught? Tests of Two Interventions. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3), 374-396. 10.5465/Amle.2010.0012 Comment by Dr. Davis: Titles of articles should be in sentence case within the references. Sentence case is a capitalization style that mainly uses lowercase letters. Here is a resource that might help - https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2012/03/title-case-and-sentence-case-capitalization-in-apa-style.html

This article focuses on subcomponent of transformational leadership and how being charismatic can be influential. Theoretically, charisma differs from transformational leadership. Symbolic influence is commonly used in charismatic leadership. Most importantly, charismatic leaders have high expectations from followers and themselves. Critically, they communicate confidence on how to meet goals. Antonakis et al., (2011) carried this study to advance charisma knowledge by exploring the introduction of a new personality-based model to conceptualize and assess charisma and investigate curvilinear relationships between charismatic personality and effectiveness a leader. Comment by Dr. Davis: Do not cite within annotations

The study population was 204 Belgian leaders in which two samples of Eugene-Springfield Community were used. One sample size was 156, and the second one was 204 (Antonakis et al., 2011). The researchers concluded that leaders low on charisma are not effective since they lack strategic behaviors instead of highly charismatic leaders who are less effective since they lack operational behaviors. The study's unique information is that people with business-related behaviors reveal charismatic practices and can be strong charismatic leaders. Further, conventional wisdom implies that very charismatic leaders do not succeed due to their interpersonal reasons such as arrogance, inconsideration, and failure to care about others. From this research, I would like to retain researchers’ statements of insufficient leaders who cannot perform daily activities, lack enough focus and personality level, and are incompetent in managing orderly workflow. Based on these features, I understand that a charismatic leader or any other leader should enhance leadership effectiveness. Comment by Dr. Davis: This is not correct. Here is the information from the article –Participants who qualified for inclusion were 34 middle managers of a large Swiss company (circa 20,000 employees) with operations across Switzerland. In Study 2, a within-subjects laboratory experiment, we videotaped 41 MBA participants giving a speech Comment by Dr. Davis: Avoid writing in 1st person. You need to develop a consistent 3rd person voice.