Prooposal annotated and bibliography

Proposal Guideliness

1. Start with a tentative thesis. A statement that answers your research question. (1 sentence)

2. Follow with some basic information you already know about the topic. (2-3 sentences). 

3. Introduce a problem that shows why this topic should be discussed. (2-3 sentences). 

4. Write some solutions to this problem (3-5 sentences)

5. Write some drawbacks (this will be the basis of your counterclaim). (2-4 sentences)

6. Lastly, end with research goals. (2-4 sentences).

This is the topic last time I choose and submit to professor; I need to continue with this Research Question and developed and find articles and sources that will help to understand and explain topic. The Assignment is a proposal (Where we briefly explain pur topic and research plan) Then follow it with 5 annotated sources (meaning you read those articles and summarize them). Use the proposal Guidelines above and topic below here COVID -19.

How Social media impacts in the lives of children?

As we are familiar with the current situation of COVID-19. Social media is one of the most used sources for current affairs nowadays. People are blindly trust the information whatever they saw on social media and share it with others as well. Weather that sources are credible or not they don’t bother to check it. For example, one media posts some news about the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. People tend to believe that vaccines is harmful for their and children life. They just see the negative impacts of it but ignore the facts that vaccines helps to makes the COVID case less severe than without vaccines.

Below is the Examples for this assignment what we have to do.

Semaj Yevi

Professor Hunsaker

ENGL 1143

1 November 2021

Ocean Pollution- Proposal and Annotated Bibliography

Proposal:

Ocean pollution is a serious, yet preventable issue that needs to be addressed before more irreversible damage is done to the planet. Often the research about ocean pollution revolves around the pollution’s effects on animal life. There is also a plethora of scholarship that explains how humans can reduce the amount of waste they throw out by recycling or reusing products. However, here in Wichita Falls, ocean pollution isn’t seen as a major problem since it’s so far from the ocean. From my understanding, the waste produced in Wichita Falls is not dumped into the ocean but taken to landfills. Some of the arguments around ocean pollution include whether the pollution in the ocean has a significant impact on marine live, whether ocean pollution affects Climate Change, different ways of collecting and disposing of pollution (including before it’s dumped in the ocean and after it’s dumped), and more environmentally sustainable ways of disposing of trash. Some may argue that ocean pollution only affects a very small ratio of the ocean and marine life. Others might claim that Climate Change isn’t man-made, but rather a naturally induced global phenomenon. In my research, I hope to find articles pertaining to how humans can change their practices and reduce ocean pollution, and the lasting effects on the planet if ocean pollution is not taken seriously. 

Dotinga, Harm M. and Alex G. Oude Elferink. "Acoustic Pollution in the Oceans: The Search for  Legal Standards." Ocean Development & International Law, vol. 31, no. 1/2, Jan-\Jun l 2000, pp. 151-182. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/009083200276102. Accessed 19 June 2018.

Dontinga and Elferink argue the growing issue of acoustic or noise pollution in the oceans and the possible solutions that could be implemented to help deal with this problem. They explain in depth through scientific terms how sound works and travels through a marine environment. Dontinga and Elferink discuss different types of noise (ambient and human-made) and explain how depending on many factors, such as frequency and intensity, sound in the ocean can be both beneficial and harmful to marine life. Dontinga and Elferink later discuss the effects that the introduction of noise into a frequency and intensity, sound in the ocean can be both beneficial and harmful to marine marine environment can cause, such as even leading to changes in the conditions of the species habitat. Although marine mammals, with their reliance on the use of echolocation, are the most apparent group affected, fish, invertebrates, aquatic birds, and reptiles are not to be overlooked, as noise pollution also impacts them. Dontinga and Elferink further explain adapt ations these organisms can make to adjust to the increase of noise in the ocean (152). Wrapping up the article, Dontinga and Elferink discuss the objects and activities that contribute the most to noise pollution, and why they pose such a threat. Dotinga and Elferink conclude with a discussion on preventative measures that can be taken to decrease the amount of noise pollution in the Ocean through the introduction of laws and limits to noise.

Eriksen, Marcus, et al. "Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More Than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea." Plos ONE, vol. 9, no. 12, Dec. 2014, pp. 1-15. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111913. Accessed 19 June 2018.

Eriksen et al. explain a study that he participated in to find the amount of plastic pollution in the ocean. They started out by discussing the issue of plastic pollution that is distributed across all oceans due to both the buoyancy and durability of this plastic waste. Eriksen  et al. further goes on to explain the ways that synthetic fragments disperse into the sea through several different processes of weathering.  Eriksen et al. describe the impact and consequences that plastic pollution has on marine life whether it be through ingestion or entanglement. Eriksen et al. also state that because of the proven harm this plastic pollution in the ocean has been shown to cause to marine life, Eriksen et al. argue that more steps are needed to be taken to monitor and clean up the abundance of plastic pollution. Because of this belief, he conducts a study to control the plastic pollution in oceans. Through this study, Eriksen et al. describe their materials and methods being used to do this study, and how they would provide an effective way to determine the amount of plastic waste in the ocean. They conclude the article by sharing their results, saying that 5.25 trillion plastic particles are currently floating at sea, and Eriksen et al.uses this as a call to action that plastic pollution in oceans needs to be decreased and investigated.

Lawrence, Dave. "Plastic Particles Permeate the Atlantic." Oceanus, vol. 48, no. 2, 2010, p. 18+. Opposing Viewpoints In Context, Accessed 19 June 2018.

Lawrence focuses on the issue of plastic waste, or plastic pollution, in the ocean and compares two studies that raise intriguing questions concerning this issue. He begins by stating the findings of these studies and the problems that they posed. Lawrence explains the main significant result, saying that since 1986, both the global production of plastics and the number of plastics entering the ocean have increased tremendously; however, the concentration of plastics in the oceans has stayed the same. Lawrence raises several questions about how this is possible, and what possible processes could be occurring to remove some of these plastics from surface waters. He explains several theories he has, such as microbes and other organisms digesting the plastics or the plastics breaking down into smaller particles that then sink to the bottom of the ocean. Lawrence explains that organisms are consuming the plastic particles, but it is unknown at what rate they are doing so. Lawrence concludes his paper by saying that, to answer these questions, further research must be conducted. However, this research is too expensive for traditional government sources to undertake, so they are relying on tuition and donor dollars to perform these studies.

Winner, Cherie. "Another Marine Pollution Threat: Noise: Will a More Acidic Ocean be Noisier for Whales?" Oceanus, vol. 48, no. 2, 2010, p. 9. Opposing Viewpoints In Context, Accessed 19 June 2018.

Winner discusses the issue of the increasing acidity of the oceans and the adverse effects they could have on marine life. She explains that the acidity of oceans are continually increasing because the burning of fossil fuels is spewing excess carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that then dissolves into the sea. She further goes on to elaborate the correlation between ocean acidity and sound waves, with a more acidic ocean resulting in a reduced amount of borate, an important molecule involved in the passing of sound waves, in seawater. Winner explains the findings of Tim Duda, an expert in sound propagation, and his group of chemists about what the reduction of borate molecules will mean for the ocean and the marine life inhabiting it. The predicted increase of ocean acidity in the future would enable sounds, such as shipping noise, to travel farther, interfering with marine life over vast expanses of the ocean. She explains how this would harm means of communication between whales and other marine life that rely on echolocation. They navigate, see, and hunt by sound, so the increase of noise due caused by ocean acidity would interfere with their entire way of life.