The Ultimate Professor

Abstract

This paper examines volume 2 “Globalization, Poverty, and the Role of Infrastructure”. This paper demonstrates the role of infrastructure development in improving the economic situation in different countries like India, South Africa, and the united states. Also, the role that globalization, - which is a result of cheaper and faster forms of infrastructure in the area of transportation - plays in poverty reduction. This paper will look into a possible solutions for the future city represented in the concept of smart cities.

Introduction

In 2017, the world population was 7.2 billion and expected to grow to 8.5 Billion by 2030. This number will increase drastically to 9 .7 billion by the year 2050. (Nissanke, Thorbecke, 2008) Most people today live in cities. The percentage is expected to grow as more and more people move from rural areas to cities, globalization contributes to poverty reduction under the conditions of well-developed infrastructure systems that can support the increasing demand of a growing population. Since high-quality well-developed infrastructure is necessary for that globalization effect on reducing poverty, some countries like India, South Africa, and even the united states took serious steps to tackle their infrastructure challenges with only one vision, prosperity and a good standard of living for their people. Some of the positive effects of developing infrastructure are reducing the cost of accessing information and innovations, accelerating production and lowering the consumption price, which is good for poverty reduction.

Over population in India and the Impact of Infrastructure Development

Our generation is experiencing the most profound dramatic transition ever, and one of the major critical problems that are confronting human beings today is the fact that about 2/3 of the world’s population lives in countries that are characterized by extremely low levels of economic and social well-being., “We are living in an unusual era of demographic history for thousands of years were population grew at a slow pace so slow and fact that it took over 1 million years for the population of the glow up to reach one billing and it was 200 years ago. But the base quick and end in the relatively short span of 120 years the population doubled in to two billing great and the surd billing took only 35 years to arrive and the force believe the only 15 years presently the world population exceed 5 billion and demographics dome not forecast a living until the end of the next century at somewhat of 10 billion, (Kelly 1998) If we look at the four factors that I mentioned: globalization, poverty, overpopulation, and improving infrastructure, we will find that India is a perfect example. It has a population of more than 1.3 billion, and poverty there is widespread. It is our goal to analyze countries like India as a developing nation. It will be the perfect example to further this study of infrastructure development. Because the marginal benefit of infrastructure development is tremendously profitable, a study was conducted using data from 1999 to 2015, and the results showed infrastructure development stimulated economic growth and that translated into more jobs. Over to reduction bowls in the long term and short-term breath after the Indian government had adopted those economic policies which aim to upgrade, strengthen, and dime the structure and attract more investment in the infrastructure of sectors in order to help those in poverty by exposing them to better opportunities of employee man and income growth. This eventually lead to poverty reduction, because of that developing infrastructure is one of the main driving factors of growth in any economy.

The impact of road transportation infrastructure investment in South Africa

There is a reciprocal relationship between the decline of investment in road transportation infrastructure and growth domestic product (GDP), which means that the less money invested in improving infrastructure the worse that the economy gets and vice versa. To test that we are going to look at a research done by the Journal of Transportation and Supply Chain Management to examine the relationship between road transport investment and economic development in South Africa.

The research suggested that adequate road transportation infrastructure boosts economic activity and that then improves the standard of living of people in South Africa. Accurate economic development and improved well-being. According to Hawn (2010) argues that the road transportation investment in developing societies enhances people's standard of living by increasing intrapreneurial activity as well as opportunities for to help youth in South Africa.

A problem that has faced the US and how it did come over it.

U.S. president Donald Trump and his campaign often talked about the need to upgrade the American Infrastructure. He advocated increased spending on sector inspectors like transportation and water as a way of boosting economic growth. But the problem is the united states lack of public funding; that’s why an innovative solution to finance infrastructure projects appeared. It is called public-private partnership (PPP). The traditional way of the US laws was that the public highways were built and maintained by the federal government and that prevented many states from asking the private sector for capital and involvement in their projects. However, in recent years 13 states like Texas, Florida, California, and Virginia have entered into PPP in a variety of transportation projects. Furthermore, transportation development in various states has begun to promote and expand the use of (PPP) the support of the United States Department of Transportation.

Solution for the future: The concept of smart cities

Urban infrastructure development has had a noticeable influence on the environment for a long time. Therefore, strategic planning becomes a critical tool to improve our environmentally sustainable vision for the future. the concept of smart cities came to light By studying planning over the twenty century that aims to discover or develop effective planning interventions to generate sustainability and economic development. The concept of smart cities is relatively new in ‏scientific literature. It emerged over the last two decades. (Albino, 2015) Mainly it deals with economic and social development aspects of cities in a sustainable urban environment. In the present day, cities are facing problems and even expected to have more problems in the future. Therefore, looking for ways to solve these problems become imperative. By developing smart cities, we can find a solution. However, we cannot utilize the potential of smart cities without smart engaged citizens to feed information to the system. Nevertheless, smart cities are expected to play a key role not only in sustainable cities but also in the national economic growth going forward. The economy is the main determinant line of the smart cities proposal. If a city wants not only to survive but thrive in the future economically, it has to have some features of a smart city. Some of the positive economic consequences for a city that implements smart city features are increasing the productivity of its inhabitants to create jobs and business production and self-development for its population.

Conclusion

Finally, the world that we live in faces a lot of challenges due to overpopulation, poverty, or even globalization with its positives and negatives. However, investing in infrastructure development proves its worth over and over again through its amazing results in India, South Africa, and the united states. It is not enough to only look at the present, we must look to the future of infrastructure development through the concept of smart cities. And whether we look at the present or the future the aim is one to improve the quality of people’s lives by reducing if not eliminating poverty.

References

An empirical investigation of the link between infrastructure development and poverty reductionChotia, Varun; Rao, NVM . International Journal of Social Economics ; Bradford Vol. 44, Iss. 12, (2017): 1906-1918Hlotywa, A. & Ndaguba, E.A., (2017). Assessing the impact of road transport infrastructure

investment on economic development in South Africa’, Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management 11(0), a324.doi https://doi.org/10.4102/ jtscm.v11i0.324