Assignment 2

Information Systems for Business and Beyond – Chapter 3

Learning Objectives

• define the term software; • identify and describe the two primary categories of software; • describe the role ERP software plays in an organization; • describe cloud computing and its advantages and disadvantages for use in an organization; and • define the term open-source and identify its primary characteristics.

Software

• Two key categories – Operating (manage the hardware) and Application Software (perform specific tasks like word processing, accounting, etc..). • Operating Systems – boot programs – Manages PC resources

Application Software

• Used to accomplish specific goals like word processing or calculation. • Productivity Software – Word processing, Spreadsheet, Presentation.

Applications for Enterprise

• ERP Software – SAP, Peoplesoft, etc… – Implementation can take 2-3 years and several million dollars • CRM Software – Manages an organizations customer – Example: Salesforce • Supply Chain Management – Links an organization’s suppliers, manufacturing facilities, and distributors of products.

Mobile Applications and Cloud Computing

• All mobile devices need specific mobile applications – Smartphones – Electronic Tablets • The cloud refers to applications, services, and data storage located on the Internet. • Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing • Understand – Using a Private Cloud vs. Virtualization

Software Creation

• Various Computer Languages – C – C++ – Java – Visual Basic – Python – R – etc… • Open-Source Software – Allows various people to use the source code

References

• Bourgeous, D., Smith, J., Wang. S., Mortati, J. (2019). Information Systems for Business and Beyond. Retrieved from https://opentextbook.site/informationsystem s2019/.

Information Systems for Business and Beyond – Chapter 4

Learning Objectives

• Describe the differences between data, information, and knowledge; • Describe why database technology must be used for data resource management; • Define the term database and identify the steps to creating one; • Describe the role of a database management system; • Describe the characteristics of a data warehouse; and • Define data mining and describe its role in an organization.

Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom

• These terms are used interchangeably but are different. – Data- raw facts – Information- processed data – Knowledge- relationships among facts/concepts – Explicit –can be expressed into words – Tacit – difficult to transfer via simple communication – Wisdom – combines knowledge and experience to obtain a deeper understanding of a topic.

Data and Databases

• Big Data – Large sets of data in which you need to determine the best methods to manage the data • Databases – Place that houses data – Common defects of data resource management • No control of redundant data • Violation of data integrity • Relying on human memory to store and search needed data

Data Models and Relational Databases

• Databases can be organized in many different ways – Relational database

Designing a Database

• Tables – The information to be built • Primary Key – The unique identifier to link data together in the tables

Normalization and Data Types

• Normalization – Reduces data redundancy – Ensures data integrity • Data Types – Text – Number – Boolean – Date/Time – Currency – Paragraph Text – Object

Database Management Systems

• DBMS provide an interface to view and change the design of the database • Databases must be used by multiple users to be effective • Microsoft Access and Open Office Base = examples of personal database-management systems • Structured Query Language (SQL)- the method to work with structured databases

Value in Business Intelligence and Knowledge Management

• Data Visualization • Data Warehouses • Data Mining and Machine Learning • Don’t forget about privacy and security concerns when dealing with data • Knowledge Management – Companies accumulate knowledge and need a method of extracting the data to make informed decisions.

References

• Bourgeous, D., Smith, J., Wang. S., Mortati, J. (2019). Information Systems for Business and Beyond. Retrieved from https://opentextbook.site/informationsystem s2019/.

Operational Excellence Chapter 3 – Information Technology and Organizational Learning

Introduction • Technology as a variable and responsive organizational dynamism • Focuses on defining the components of technology and how they affect corporate organizations. • Answers the questions: how should organizations adjust to its short and long term impacts.

Technological Dynamism

• Technology should be regarded as a variable, independent of others, that contributes to the life of a business operation. • Technology can produce a distinctive effect on an organization. • Dynamism is defined as a process or mechanism responsible for the development of motion of a system. • Technological dynamism is the unpredictable and accelerated way in which technology can change strategic planning and organizational behavior.

Responsive Organizational Dynamism

• The technological dynamism has the power to disrupt any antecedent sense of comfortable equilibrium of stasis. • Strategic integration • Cultural assimilation

Cultural Assimilation

• A process that focuses on organizational aspects of how technology is internally organized including the role of the IT department, and how it is assimilated within the organization as a whole. • IT Organization Communications with Others • Movement of Traditional IT Staff

Technology Business Cycle

• To better understand technology dynamism it is necessary to define the specific steps that occur during its evolution in an organization:

IT Roles and Responsibilities and Replacement or Outsource

• Two distinct business operations • IT need to change accordingly and should be designed within the driver and supporter theory • Replacement or Outsource References • Langer, A. M. (2018). Information Technology and Organizational Learning. 3rd edition. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. ISBN: 978-1-138- 23858-9